Dermal and pulmonary absorption of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from hand rubs

Autor: Dariusz Zuba, Vincent Bessonneau, Elke Below, Axel Kramer, Thomas Nicolai, Thomas Kohlmann, Nora Bieber, Wolfram Parzefall, Alexander Usche, Günter Kampf, Ivo Partecke, Claus-Dieter Heidecke, Nils-Olaf Huebner, Ojan Assadian, Harald Below
Přispěvatelé: Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, BODE Chemie GmbH, Scientific Affairs, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)
Rok vydání: 2012
Předmět:
Male
Blood level
medicine.medical_specialty
Epidemiology
1-Propanol
Absorption (skin)
MESH: Hand Disinfection
Toxicology
Absorption
2-Propanol
03 medical and health sciences
Pulmonary Absorption
0302 clinical medicine
MESH: 2-Propanol
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
Metabolites
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Risk assessment
0303 health sciences
Blood Chemical Analysis
MESH: Humans
integumentary system
030306 microbiology
business.industry
Health Policy
MESH: Absorption
MESH: Blood Chemical Analysis
MESH: Disinfectants
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
MESH: 1-Propanol
MESH: Male
Frequent use
3. Good health
Surgery
Infectious Diseases
Female
Alcohol
business
MESH: Female
Hand hygiene
Disinfectants
Hand Disinfection
Nuclear chemistry
Zdroj: American Journal of Infection Control
American Journal of Infection Control, Elsevier, 2012, 40 (3), pp.250-7. ⟨10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.009⟩
ISSN: 0196-6553
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.009
Popis: International audience; BACKGROUND: It has been shown that nontoxic concentrations of ethanol are absorbed after hand hygiene using ethanol-based hand rubs. This study investigated whether absorption of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from commercially available hand rubs results in measurable concentrations after use. METHODS: The pulmonary and dermal absorption of propanol during hand rubs was investigated. Rubs contained 70% (w/w) propan-1-ol, 63.14% (w/w) propan-2-ol, or 45% (w/w) propan-2-ol in combination with 30% (w/w) propan-1-ol. RESULTS: Peak median blood levels were 9.15 mg/L for propan-1-ol and 5.3 mg/L for propan-2-ol after hygienic hand rubs and 18.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L, respectively, after surgical hand rubs. Under actual surgical conditions, the highest median blood levels were 4.08 mg/L for propan-1-ol and 2.56 mg/L for propan-2-ol. The same procedure performed with prevention of pulmonary exposure through the use of a gas-tight mask resulted in peak median blood levels of 1.16 mg/L of propan-1-ol and 1.74 mg/L of propan-2-ol. CONCLUSION: Only minimal amounts of propanols are absorbed through the use of hand rubs. Based on our experimental data, the risk of chronic systemic toxic effects caused by hand rubs is likely negligible. However, our study did not evaluate the consequences of long-term daily and frequent use of hygienic hand rubs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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