Orientation-Dependent Deformation Behavior of 316L Steel Manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition and Casting under Local Scratch and Indentation Load
| Autor: | C. Hardes, Felicitas Scholz, Jan Frenzel, Fabian Pöhl |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
nanoindentation grain orientation 02 engineering and technology Deformation (meteorology) engineering.material lcsh:Technology 01 natural sciences Article laser metal deposition 316L Indentation 0103 physical sciences General Materials Science Austenitic stainless steel Composite material lcsh:Microscopy lcsh:QC120-168.85 computer.programming_language 010302 applied physics scratch testing lcsh:QH201-278.5 lcsh:T Nanoindentation 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Microstructure lcsh:TA1-2040 Scratch Casting (metalworking) engineering lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) 0210 nano-technology lcsh:TK1-9971 computer Electron backscatter diffraction |
| Zdroj: | Materials Volume 13 Issue 7 Materials, Vol 13, Iss 1765, p 1765 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1996-1944 |
| Popis: | This study analyzes the local deformation behavior of austenitic stainless steel 316L, manufactured conventionally by casting and additively by laser metal deposition (LMD). We produced directionally solidified 316L specimens with most grains showing (001) orientations parallel to the longitudinal specimen axis. We conducted nanoindentation and scratch experiments for local mechanical characterization and topography measurements (atomic force microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy) of indentation imprints and residual scratch grooves for the analysis of the deformation behavior and, in particular, of the pile-up behavior. The local mechanical properties and deformation behavior were correlated to the local microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The results show that the local mechanical properties, deformation behavior, and scratch resistance strongly depend on the crystallographic orientation. Nearly (001)-oriented grains parallel to the surface show the lowest hardness, followed by an increasing hardness of nearly (101)- and (111)-oriented grains. Consequently, scratch depth is the greatest for nearly (001)-oriented grains followed by (101) and (111) orientations. This tendency is seen independently of the analyzed manufacturing route, namely Bridgman solidification and laser metal deposition. In general, the laser metal deposition process leads to a higher strength and hardness, which is mainly attributed to a higher dislocation density. Under the investigated loading conditions, the cellular segregation substructure is not found to significantly and directly change the local deformation behavior during indentation and scratch testing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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