Biomarkers of brevetoxin exposure and composite toxin levels in hard clam (Mercenaria sp.) exposed to Karenia brevis blooms
| Autor: | Steven M. Plakas, Edward L.E. Jester, Richard H. Pierce, Kathleen R. El Said, Ann Abraham, Michael S. Henry, Leanne J. Flewelling, Yuesong Wang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
animal structures Harmful Algal Bloom Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Toxicology medicine.disease_cause complex mixtures Mass Spectrometry Microbiology Mice Brevetoxin Mouse bioassay medicine Animals Shellfish Mercenaria Molecular Structure biology Toxin Oxocins Environmental Exposure biology.organism_classification Bivalvia Toxicity Dinoflagellida Florida Biological Assay Marine Toxins Karenia brevis Hard clam Biomarkers Chromatography Liquid |
| Zdroj: | Toxicon. 96:82-88 |
| ISSN: | 0041-0101 |
| Popis: | Brevetoxins in clams (Mercenaria sp.) exposed to recurring blooms of Karenia brevis in Sarasota Bay, FL, were studied over a three-year period. Brevetoxin profiles in toxic clams were generated by ELISA and LC-MS. Several brevetoxin metabolites, as identified by LC-MS, were major contributors to the composite brevetoxin response of ELISA. These were S-desoxyBTX-B2 (m/z 1018), BTX-B2 (m/z 1034), BTX-B5 (m/z 911), open A-ring BTX-B5 (m/z 929), and BTX-B1 (m/z 1018). Summed values of these metabolites were highly correlated (R2 = 0.9) with composite B-type brevetoxin measurements by ELISA. S-desoxyBTX-B2, BTX-B2, and BTX-B1 were the most persistent and detectable in shellfish for several months after dissipation of blooms. These metabolites were selected as LC-MS biomarkers of brevetoxin exposure and reflective of composite B-type brevetoxins in hard clam. ELISA and LC-MS values were moderately correlated with toxicity of the shellfish by mouse bioassay. ELISA and LC-MS methods offer rapid screening and confirmatory determination of brevetoxins, respectively, as well as toxicity assessment in clams exposed to K. brevis blooms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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