Shigella sonnei Outbreak Investigation During a Municipal Water Crisis—Genesee and Saginaw Counties, Michigan, 2016
Autor: | E. A. Adam, Christina Harrington, Vincent R. Hill, Stephen Dietrich, Marty Soehnlen, Jevon McFadden, Caroline Castillo, Sarah A. Collier, Mateusz P. Karwowski, Eija Trees, Jennifer R. Cope, Hannah E. Reses, Grete E. Wilt, Katie Fullerton, R. Paul McClung, Ashley Miller, James W. Collins, Jonathan S. Yoder |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Shigellosis
AJPH Open-Themed Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Outbreak 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease 01 natural sciences Water scarcity 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Geography Environmental health medicine Shigella sonnei 030212 general & internal medicine 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
Zdroj: | Am J Public Health |
ISSN: | 1541-0048 0090-0036 |
Popis: | Objectives. To investigate a shigellosis outbreak in Genesee County, Michigan (including the City of Flint), and Saginaw County, Michigan, in 2016 and address community concerns about the role of the Flint water system. Methods. We met frequently with community members to understand concerns and develop the investigation. We surveyed households affected by the outbreak, analyzed Shigella isolate data, examined the geospatial distribution of cases, and reviewed available water quality data. Results. We surveyed 83 households containing 158 cases; median age was 10 years. Index case-patients from 55 of 83 households (66%) reported contact with a person outside their household who wore diapers or who had diarrhea in the week before becoming ill; results were similar regardless of household drinking water source. Genomic diversity was not consistent with a point source. In Flint, no space-time clustering was identified, and average free chlorine residual values remained above recommended levels throughout the outbreak period. Conclusions. The outbreak was most likely caused by person-to-person contact and not by the Flint water system. Consistent community engagement was essential to the design and implementation of the investigation. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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