Repeated Closed Head Injury in Mice Results in Sustained Motor and Memory Deficits and Chronic Cellular Changes
| Autor: | Jennifer M. Brelsfoard, Binoy Joseph, Amanda Nicholle Bolton Hall, Kathryn E. Saatman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Critical Care and Emergency Medicine Physiology Pyramidal Tracts Gene Expression lcsh:Medicine Poison control Microgliosis Hippocampus Corpus Callosum Mice 0302 clinical medicine Animal Cells Neurofilament Proteins Head Injuries Closed Medicine and Health Sciences Biomechanics Brain Damage Gliosis lcsh:Science Trauma Medicine Gel Electrophoresis Staining Mammals Cerebral Cortex Neurons Multidisciplinary Head injury Head Injury medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology Anesthesia Vertebrates Anatomy Cellular Types medicine.symptom Gait Analysis Neuron death Traumatic Injury Neuroglia Research Article Silver Staining medicine.medical_specialty Traumatic brain injury Glial Cells Electrophoretic Staining Research and Analysis Methods Rodents Electrophoretic Techniques 03 medical and health sciences Ocular System medicine Animals Optic Tract Microglial Cells Brain Concussion Memory Disorders Pyramidal tracts Biological Locomotion business.industry lcsh:R Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Optic Nerve Cell Biology medicine.disease Surgery Mice Inbred C57BL Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Specimen Preparation and Treatment Amniotes Closed head injury lcsh:Q business Psychomotor Performance 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 7, p e0159442 (2016) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Millions of mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur every year in the United States, with many people subject to multiple head injuries that can lead to chronic behavioral dysfunction. We previously reported that mild TBI induced using closed head injuries (CHI) repeated at 24h intervals produced more acute neuron death and glial reactivity than a single CHI, and increasing the length of time between injuries to 48h reduced the cumulative acute effects of repeated CHI. To determine whether repeated CHI is associated with behavioral dysfunction or persistent cellular damage, mice receiving either five CHI at 24h intervals, five CHI at 48h intervals, or five sham injuries at 24h intervals were evaluated across a 10 week period after injury. Animals with repeated CHI exhibited motor coordination and memory deficits, but not gait abnormalities when compared to sham animals. At 10wks post-injury, no notable neuron loss or glial reactivity was observed in the cortex, hippocampus, or corpus callosum. Argyrophilic axons were found in the pyramidal tract of some injured animals, but neither silver stain accumulation nor inflammatory responses in the injury groups were statistically different from the sham group in this region. However, argyrophilic axons, microgliosis and astrogliosis were significantly increased within the optic tract of injured animals. Repeated mild CHI also resulted in microgliosis and a loss of neurofilament protein 200 in the optic nerve. Lengthening the inter-injury interval from 24h to 48h did not effectively reduce these behavioral or cellular responses. These results suggest that repeated mild CHI results in persistent behavioral dysfunction and chronic pathological changes within the visual system, neither of which was significantly attenuated by lengthening the inter-injury interval from 24h to 48h. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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