Hong Kong Chinese school children with elevated urine melamine levels: A prospective follow up study
| Autor: | E. K. H. Liu, A P S Kong, Chun-Kwok Wong, Chung Shun Ho, Kai Chow Choi, Winnie Cw W. Chu, Viola Cy Y. Chow, Michael Hm M. Chan, Joseph Tf Lau, Juliana Cn N. Chan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Mainland China medicine.medical_specialty Pediatrics Adolescent Food Contamination Urine Young Adult chemistry.chemical_compound Environmental health Epidemiology medicine Animals Humans Prospective Studies Child Urinary Tract Prospective cohort study Ultrasonography Schools Triazines business.industry lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health lcsh:RA1-1270 Food safety Health Surveys Milk chemistry Hong Kong Female Biostatistics business Melamine Follow-Up Studies Research Article |
| Zdroj: | BMC Public Health BMC Public Health, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 354 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 1471-2458 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/1471-2458-11-354 |
| Popis: | Background In 2008, the outbreak of kidney stones in children fed by melamine-tainted milk products in Mainland China has caused major public concern of food safety. We identified Hong Kong school children with elevated urine melamine level from a community-based school survey in 2007-08 and reviewed their clinical status in 2009. Methods In 2007-08, 2119 school children participated in a primary and secondary school survey in Hong Kong using a cluster sampling method. Urine aliquots from 502 subjects were assayed for melamine level. High urine melamine level was defined as urine melamine/creatinine ratio >7.1 μg/mmol. Subjects with high urine melamine level were invited for clinical evaluation in 2009 including urinalysis and ultrasound imaging of the urinary system. Results The age range of this subcohort was 6 - 20 years with 67% girls (335 female and 167 male subjects). The spot urine melamine/creatinine ratio of the 502 urine aliquots ranged from undetectable to 1467 μg/mmol (median 0.8 μg/mmol). Of these, 213 subjects had undetectable level (42%). We invited 47 (9%) subjects with high urine melamine level for re-evaluation and one subject declined. The median duration of follow-up was 23.5 months (interquartile range: 19.8 - 30.6 months). None of the 46 subjects (28% boys, mean age 13.9 ± 2.9 years) had any abnormality detected on ultrasound study of the urinary system. All subjects had stable renal function with a median urine albumin-creatinine ratio of 0.70 mg/mmol (interquartile range: 0.00 - 2.55 mg/mmol). Conclusions Hong Kong Chinese school children with high urine melamine levels appeared to have benign clinical course in the short term although a long term follow-up study is advisable in those with persistently high urine melamine level. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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