A 'hair-raising' history of alopecia areata
| Autor: | David Broadley, Kevin J. McElwee |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Alopecia Areata Dermatology Biochemistry Models Biological Autoimmune Diseases Atopy Pathogenesis 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system medicine Animals Humans Microbiome Lymphocytes Molecular Biology History Ancient Autoimmune disease business.industry Autoantibody History 19th Century Alopecia areata History 20th Century medicine.disease Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Hair loss Immunology Egypt business Hair Follicle Hair |
| Zdroj: | Experimental dermatologyREFERENCES. 29(3) |
| ISSN: | 1600-0625 |
| Popis: | A 3500-year-old papyrus from ancient Egypt provides a list of treatments for many diseases including "bite hair loss," most likely alopecia areata (AA). The treatment of AA remained largely unchanged for over 1500 years. In 30 CE, Celsus described AA presenting as scalp alopecia in spots or the "windings of a snake" and suggested treatment with caustic compounds and scarification. The first "modern" description of AA came in 1813, though treatment still largely employed caustic agents. From the mid-19th century onwards, various hypotheses of AA development were put forward including infectious microbes (1843), nerve defects (1858), physical trauma and psychological stress (1881), focal inflammation (1891), diseased teeth (1902), toxins (1912) and endocrine disorders (1913). The 1950s brought new treatment developments with the first use of corticosteroid compounds (1952), and the first suggestion that AA was an autoimmune disease (1958). Research progressively shifted towards identifying hair follicle-specific autoantibodies (1995). The potential role of lymphocytes in AA was made implicit with immunohistological studies (1980s). However, studies confirming their functional role were not published until the development of rodent models (1990s). Genetic studies, particularly genome-wide association studies, have now come to the forefront and open up a new era of AA investigation (2000s). Today, AA research is actively focused on genetics, the microbiome, dietary modulators, the role of atopy, immune cell types in AA pathogenesis, primary antigenic targets, mechanisms by which immune cells influence hair growth, and of course the development of new treatments based on these discoveries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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