The roles of divergent and parallel molecular evolution contributing to thermal adaptive strategies in trees

Autor: Collin W. Ahrens, Alexander Watson‐Lazowski, Guomin Huang, David T. Tissue, Paul D. Rymer
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Plant, Cell & Environment. 45:3476-3491
ISSN: 1365-3040
0140-7791
Popis: Local adaptation is a major driver of biological diversity, and related species may develop analogous (parallel evolution) or alternative (divergent evolution) solutions to similar ecological challenges. We expect these adaptive solutions between closely related organisms would culminate in both phenotypic and genotypic signals. In this study, we employ a reciprocal transplant, glasshouse experiment with two Eucalyptus species with large, overlapping distributions grown under contrasting ‘local’ temperature conditions (tropic and temperate) to investigate the independent contribution of adaptation, plasticity, and their interaction at molecular, physiological and morphological levels. We find key traits differ in their response. The link between gene expression and traits markedly differed between species. Divergent evolution was the dominant pattern driving adaptation as unique gene responses (91% of all significant genes) was the greatest factor driving differentiation; but the few homologous responses were varied depending on effect. For example, 98% of the plastic homologs were similarly regulated, while 50% of the adaptive homologs and 100% of the interaction homologs were antagonistically regulated. Suggesting that parallel evolution between species among homologous genes for the adaptive effect was no better than random. Further, heat shock proteins for one species were almost entirely driven by adaptive responses, while plasticity drove the response in the other species. These results suggest divergent molecular evolutionary solutions dominated the adaptive mechanisms among species, even in similar ecological circumstances. Thus, trees with similar distributions are unlikely to equally persist in the future, suggesting that management of future forests to changing temperature conditions must be species specific.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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