Rho and F-actin self-organize within an artificial cell cortex
| Autor: | Ann L. Miller, Andrew B. Goryachev, Christine M. Field, Ani Michaud, William M. Bement, Mariah J. Prom, Marcin Leda, Anthony G. Vecchiarelli, Zachary T. Swider, Jennifer Landino |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Cell division Xenopus Spindle Apparatus macromolecular substances xenopus extract TIRF Biology Article General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology F-actin 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cortex (anatomy) 0502 economics and business Rho GTPases excitability Cell cortex medicine Animals waves 050207 economics Cytoskeleton Actin Cytokinesis 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences 050208 finance Chemistry 05 social sciences 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology Cell migration biology.organism_classification supported lipid bilayer self-organization Actins Spindle apparatus Cell biology Actin Cytoskeleton cell cortex medicine.anatomical_structure oscillations Biophysics reconstitution FRAP Artificial Cells General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Landino, J, Leda, M, Michaud, A, Swider, Z T, Prom, M, Field, C M, Bement, W M, Vecchiarelli, A G, Goryachev, A B & Miller, A L 2021, ' Rho and F-actin self-organize within an artificial cell cortex ', Current Biology, vol. 31, no. 24, pp. P5613-5621.E5 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.021 Curr Biol |
| ISSN: | 0960-9822 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.021 |
| Popis: | SummaryThe cell cortex, comprised of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton, undergoes dynamic reorganizations during a variety of essential biological processes including cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell division1,2. During cell division and cell locomotion, for example, waves of filamentous-actin (F-actin) assembly and disassembly develop in the cell cortex in a process termed “cortical excitability”3–7. In developing frog and starfish embryos, cortical excitability is generated through coupled positive and negative feedback, with rapid activation of Rho-mediated F-actin assembly followed in space and time by F-actin-dependent inhibition of Rho8,9. These feedback loops are proposed to serve as a mechanism for amplification of active Rho signaling at the cell equator to support furrowing during cytokinesis, while also maintaining flexibility for rapid error correction in response to movement of the mitotic spindle during chromosome segregation10. In this paper, we develop an artificial cortex based onXenopusegg extract and supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), to investigate cortical Rho and F-actin dynamics11. This reconstituted system spontaneously develops two distinct dynamic patterns: singular excitable Rho and F-actin waves and non-traveling oscillatory Rho and F-actin patches. Both types of dynamic patterns have properties and dependencies similar to the cortical excitability previously characterizedin vivo9. These findings directly support the longstanding speculation that the cell cortex is a self-organizing structure and present a novel approach for investigating mechanisms of Rho-GTPase-mediated cortical dynamics.HighlightsAn artificial cell cortex comprisingXenopusegg extract on a supported lipid bilayer self-organizes into complex, dynamic patterns of active Rho and F-actinWe identified two types of reconstituted cortical dynamics – excitable waves and coherent oscillationsReconstituted waves and oscillations require Rho activity and F-actin polymerization |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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