Chemical and Biological Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) and Volatile Organic Compounds Collected at Different Sites in the Los Angeles Basin
| Autor: | Debra A. Schmitz, Arantza Eiguren-Fernandez, Erika M. Salinas, Yasuhiro Shinkai, Emma Di Stefano, Arthur K. Cho, John R. Froines, Aline L. N. Guarieiro, William P. Melega |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
electrophiles Air pollution PM2 Antioxidant response element PM2.5 hemeoxygenase-1 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences lcsh:Technology Hemeoxygenase 1 lcsh:Chemistry Adverse health effect antioxidant response element murine RAW 264 Biological property volatile organic compounds medicine Bioassay General Materials Science Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions murine RAW 264.7 macrophages Instrumentation lcsh:QH301-705.5 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes tumor necrosis factor alpha Chemistry lcsh:T Process Chemistry and Technology VOC General Engineering Particulates lcsh:QC1-999 Computer Science Applications Ambient air macrophages lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 lcsh:TA1-2040 Environmental chemistry ambient air prooxidants lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) lcsh:Physics |
| Zdroj: | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, vol 10, iss 9 Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 3245, p 3245 (2020) Applied Sciences, vol 10, iss 9 Applied Sciences Volume 10 Issue 9 |
| Popis: | Background: Most studies on air pollution (AP) exposure have focused on adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM). Less well-studied are the actions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) not retained in PM collections. These studies quantified chemical and biological properties of both PM2.5 and VOCs. Methods: Samples were collected near the Port of Los Angeles (Long Beach, LB), railroads (Commerce, CM), and a pollution-trapping topography-site (San Bernardino, SB). Quantitative assays were conducted: (1) chemical&mdash prooxidant and electrophile content, (2) biological&mdash tumor necrosis factor-&alpha (TNF-&alpha ) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression (3), VOC modulation of PM effects and (4), activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: SB site samples were the most potent in the chemical and biological assays, followed by a CM railroad site. Only PM2.5 exhibited significant proinflammatory responses. VOCs were more potent than PM2.5 in generating anti-inflammatory responses further, VOC pretreatment reduced PM-associated TNF-&alpha expression. VOCs significantly increased ARE activation compared to their corresponding PM2.5 which remained at background levels. Conclusion: Ambient VOCs are major contributors to adaptive responses that can modulate PM effects, in vitro, and, as such, need to be included in comprehensive assessments of AP. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|