Transcriptional profiling reveals extraordinary diversity among skeletal muscle tissues
| Autor: | Scott A. Lewis, Nicholas F. Lahens, Miguel A. Gutierrez-Monreal, Matthew Wallace, Karyn A. Esser, Laura D. Hughes, Xiping Zhang, Jiajia Li, Francisco H. Andrade, Ming C. Gong, Michael E. Hughes, Lance A. Riley, Erin E. Terry, Christy Hoffmann, Collin M Douglas |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Nervous system QH301-705.5 Science Muscle Proteins Eye muscle Single group Biology myokine General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Rats Sprague-Dawley Mice 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Vegfa Research community Myokine Gene expression medicine Animals skeletal muscle Biology (General) Muscle Skeletal Gene Cells Cultured General Immunology and Microbiology Gene Expression Profiling Myocardium General Neuroscience High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Skeletal muscle Muscle Smooth General Medicine Anatomy RNAseq Rats Mice Inbred C57BL 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Gene Expression Regulation tissue engineering gene expression Medicine Female Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | eLife, Vol 7 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2050-084X |
| Popis: | About 40% of our weight is formed of skeletal muscles, the hundreds of muscles in our bodies that can be voluntarily controlled by our nervous system. At the moment, the research community largely sees all these muscles as a single group whose tissues are virtually interchangeable. Yet, skeletal muscles have highly diverse origins, shapes and roles. For example, our diaphragm is a long muscle that contracts slowly and rhythmically so we can draw breaths, while tiny muscles in our eyes generate the short and precise movements of our eyeballs. Different skeletal muscles also respond in distinct ways to injuries, drugs and diseases. This suggests that these muscles may be diverse at the genetic level. While all the cells in our body have the same genetic information, exactly which genes are turned on and off (or ‘expressed’) changes between types of cells. On top of this ‘on or off’ regulation, the level of expression of a gene – how active it is – can also differ. However, the studies that examine the differences in gene expression between tissues usually overlook skeletal muscles. Here, Terry et al. use genetic techniques to measure how genes are expressed in over 20 types of muscle in mice and rats. The results show that the expression levels of over 50% of all the animals’ genes vary between muscles. In fact, any two types of muscles express on average 13% of their genes differently from each other. The analyses yield further unexpected findings. For example, the expression levels in a muscle in the foot that helps to flex the rodents’ toes are more similar to those found in eye muscles than to the ones observed in limb muscles. These conclusions indicate that skeletal muscles are a widely diverse family of tissues. The research community will be able to use the data collected by Terry et al. to explore further the origins and the consequences of the differences between skeletal muscles. This could help researchers to understand why specific groups of muscles are more susceptible to disease, or react differently to a drug. This knowledge could also be exploited to refine approaches in tissue engineering, which aims to replace damaged muscles in the body. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|