Use of Mass Spectrometric Vapor Analysis To Improve Canine Explosive Detection Efficiency
| Autor: | Alla Ostrinskaya, Jude A. Kelley, Roderick R. Kunz, Ted Mendum, Geoff Geurtsen, Ta-Hsuan Ong |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Explosive material
Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology Machine learning computer.software_genre 01 natural sciences Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring Nitroglycerin Dogs Explosive Agents Animals Explosive detection Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Cyclohexanones Triazines Chemistry business.industry 010401 analytical chemistry Bridged Bicyclo Compounds Heterocyclic 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Mass spectrometric Peroxides 0104 chemical sciences Dinitrobenzenes Training material Artificial intelligence Volatilization Drug Contamination 0210 nano-technology business computer Trinitrotoluene |
| Zdroj: | Analytical Chemistry. 89:6482-6490 |
| ISSN: | 1520-6882 0003-2700 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00451 |
| Popis: | Canines remain the gold standard for explosives detection in many situations, and there is an ongoing desire for them to perform at the highest level. This goal requires canine training to be approached similarly to scientific sensor design. Developing a canine training regimen is made challenging by a lack of understanding of the canine's odor environment, which is dynamic and typically contains multiple odorants. Existing methodology assumes that the handler's intention is an adequate surrogate for actual knowledge of the odors cuing the canine, but canines are easily exposed to unintentional explosive odors through training material cross-contamination. A sensitive, real-time (∼1 s) vapor analysis mass spectrometer was developed to provide tools, techniques, and knowledge to better understand, train, and utilize canines. The instrument has a detection library of nine explosives and explosive-related materials consisting of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), and cyclohexanone, with detection limits in the parts-per-trillion to parts-per-quadrillion range by volume. The instrument can illustrate aspects of vapor plume dynamics, such as detecting plume filaments at a distance. The instrument was deployed to support canine training in the field, detecting cross-contamination among training materials, and developing an evaluation method based on the odor environment. Support for training material production and handling was provided by studying the dynamic headspace of a nonexplosive HMTD training aid that is in development. These results supported existing canine training and identified certain areas that may be improved. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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