Distinctive Nuclear Features of Dinoflagellates with A Particular Focus on Histone and Histone-Replacement Proteins
| Autor: | Sohrab Khan, Haoxin Liu, Zhenghong Sui, Zeeshan Niaz, Yuan Liu, Sadaf Riaz |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Low protein Review Microbiology Genome 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Virology histones evolution lcsh:QH301-705.5 Regulation of gene expression biology dinoflagellate/viral nucleoproteins Dinoflagellate Dinokaryon biology.organism_classification Nucleoprotein Chromatin Cell biology 030104 developmental biology Histone lcsh:Biology (General) biology.protein chromatin 030217 neurology & neurosurgery histone-like proteins |
| Zdroj: | Microorganisms Microorganisms, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 128 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |
| Popis: | Dinoflagellates are important eukaryotic microorganisms that play critical roles as producers and grazers, and cause harmful algal blooms. The unusual nuclei of dinoflagellates “dinokaryon” have led researchers to investigate their enigmatic nuclear features. Their nuclei are unusual in terms of their permanently condensed nucleosome-less chromatin, immense genome, low protein to DNA ratio, guanine-cytosine rich methylated DNA, and unique mitosis process. Furthermore, dinoflagellates are the only known group of eukaryotes that apparently lack histone proteins. Over the course of evolution, dinoflagellates have recruited other proteins, e.g., histone-like proteins (HLPs), from bacteria and dinoflagellates/viral nucleoproteins (DVNPs) from viruses as histone substitutes. Expression diversity of these nucleoproteins has greatly influenced the chromatin structure and gene expression regulation in dinoflagellates. Histone replacement proteins (HLPs and DVNPs) are hypothesized to perform a few similar roles as histone proteins do in other eukaryotes, i.e., gene expression regulation and repairing DNA. However, their role in bulk packaging of DNA is not significant as low amounts of proteins are associated with the gigantic genome. This review intends to summarize the discoveries encompassing unique nuclear features of dinoflagellates, particularly focusing on histone and histone replacement proteins. In addition, a comprehensive view of the evolution of dinoflagellate nuclei is presented. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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