Progress and Challenges in the Search for the Mechanisms of Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion
| Autor: | Stephanie Constantin |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty endocrine system Mini Review Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Biology Gonadotropic cell lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology gonadotropin-releasing hormone release kisspeptin 03 medical and health sciences Kisspeptin Endocrinology Anterior pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility Internal medicine medicine Premovement neuronal activity lcsh:RC648-665 electrophysiology Hypophyseal portal system calcium imaging 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure preovulatory surge Hypothalamus hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 8 (2017) Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| ISSN: | 1664-2392 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fendo.2017.00180/full |
| Popis: | Fertility relies on the proper functioning of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The hormonal cascade begins with hypothalamic neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the hypophyseal portal system. In turn, the GnRH-activated gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary release gonadotropins, which then act on the gonads to regulate gametogenesis and sex steroidogenesis. Finally, sex steroids close this axis by feeding back to the hypothalamus. Despite this seeming straightforwardness, the axis is orchestrated by a complex neuronal network in the central nervous system. For reproductive success, GnRH neurons, the final output of this network, must integrate and translate a wide range of cues, both environmental and physiological, to the gonadotrophs via pulsatile GnRH secretion. This secretory profile is critical for gonadotropic function, yet the mechanisms underlying these pulses remain unknown. Literature supports both intrinsically and extrinsically driven GnRH neuronal activity. However, the caveat of the techniques supporting either one of the two hypotheses is the gap between events recorded at a single-cell level and GnRH secretion measured at the population level. This review aims to compile data about GnRH neuronal activity focusing on the physiological output, GnRH secretion. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|