Estimation of human percutaneous bioavailability for two novel brominated flame retardants, 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP)
| Autor: | Linda S. Birnbaum, Gabriel A. Knudsen, J. Michael Sanders, Michael F. Hughes, Samantha M. Hall |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Phthalic Acids Biological Availability Human skin 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology Benzoates 01 natural sciences Systemic circulation Article 03 medical and health sciences In vivo Animals Humans Organic chemistry Continuous exposure Aged Flame Retardants Skin 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Pharmacology Persistent organic pollutant integumentary system Chemistry Rats Bioavailability 030104 developmental biology Brominated flame retardant Female Maximum flux Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 311:117-127 |
| ISSN: | 0041-008X |
| Popis: | 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) are novel brominated flame retardants used in consumer products. A parallelogram approach was used to predict human dermal absorption and flux for EH-TBB and BEH-TEBP. [14C]-EH-TBB or [14C]-BEH-TEBP was applied to human or rat skin at 100 nmol/cm2 using a flow-through system. Intact rats received analogous dermal doses. Treated skin was washed and tape-stripped to remove “unabsorbed” [14C]-radioactivity after continuous exposure (24h). “Absorbed” was quantified using dermally retained [14C]-radioactivity; “penetrated” was calculated based on [14C]-radioactivity in media (in vitro) or excreta+tissues (in vivo). Human skin absorbed EH-TBB (24±1%) while 0.2±0.1% penetrated skin. Rat skin absorbed more (51±10%) and was more permeable (2±0.5%) to EH-TBB in vitro; maximal EH-TBB flux was 11±7 and 102±24 pmol-eq/cm2/h for human and rat skin, respectively. In vivo, 27±5% was absorbed and 13% reached systemic circulation after 24 h (maximum flux was 464±65 pmol-eq/cm2/h). BEH-TEBP in vitro penetrance was minimal ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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