Neuroprotective Roles of the Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonist AST-004 in Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
| Autor: | Sarah M Khoury, Aiola Stoja, Liston Theodore E, Eda Bozdemir, Mark S. Shapiro, Liliana Espinoza, Shane Sprague, Fabio A. Vigil, Sang H Chun, Robert Brenner, Ceyda Tunca, Vladislav Bugay, James D. Lechleiter, Damian Lozano, Deborah M. Holstein, José E Cavazos |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Agonist
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adenosine medicine.drug_class Traumatic brain injury Blood–brain barrier Neuroprotection Cerebral edema Mice Internal medicine Brain Injuries Traumatic medicine Animals Pharmacology (medical) Gliosis Pharmacology business.industry Adenosine A3 receptor medicine.disease Astrogliosis Mice Inbred C57BL Disease Models Animal medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology Neuroprotective Agents Astrocytes Original Article Female Neurology (clinical) business Astrocyte |
| Zdroj: | Neurotherapeutics |
| Popis: | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the greatest public health concerns with increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Our group reported that stimulation of astrocyte mitochondrial metabolism by P2Y(1) receptor agonists significantly reduced cerebral edema and reactive gliosis in a TBI model. Subsequent data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and rapid metabolism of these compounds suggested that neuroprotection was likely mediated by a metabolite, AST-004, which binding data indicated was an adenosine A(3) receptor (A(3)R) agonist. The neuroprotective efficacy of AST-004 was tested in a control closed cortical injury (CCCI) model of TBI in mice. Twenty-four (24) hours post-injury, mice subjected to CCCI and treated with AST-004 (0.22 mg/kg, injected 30 min post-trauma) exhibited significantly less secondary brain injury. These effects were quantified with less cell death (PSVue794 fluorescence) and loss of blood brain barrier breakdown (Evans blue extravasation assay), compared to vehicle-treated TBI mice. TBI-treated mice also exhibited significantly reduced neuroinflammatory markers, glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, astrogliosis) and ionized Ca(2+)-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, microgliosis), both at the mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein (Western blot and immunofluorescence) levels, respectively. Four (4) weeks post-injury, both male and female TBI mice presented a significant reduction in freezing behavior during contextual fear conditioning (after foot shock). AST-004 treatment prevented this TBI-induced impairment in male mice, but did not significantly affect impairment in female mice. Impairment of spatial memory, assessed 24 and 48 h after the initial fear conditioning, was also reduced in AST-004-treated TBI-male mice. Female TBI mice did not exhibit memory impairment 24 and 48 h after contextual fear conditioning and similarly, AST-004-treated female TBI mice were comparable to sham mice. Finally, AST-004 treatments were found to increase in vivo ATP production in astrocytes (GFAP-targeted luciferase activity), consistent with the proposed mechanism of action. These data reveal AST-004 as a novel A(3)R agonist that increases astrocyte energy production and enhances their neuroprotective efficacy after brain injury. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-021-01113-7. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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