Factors Associated With Calling 911 for an Overdose: An Ethnographic Decision Tree Modeling Approach
| Autor: | Jeanette M. Bowles, Silvia R. Verdugo, Peter J. Davidson, Brandon Koch, Robert W. Harding, Karla D. Wagner |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Emergency Medical Services Applied psychology 030508 substance abuse California Interviews as Topic 03 medical and health sciences Sex Factors 0302 clinical medicine Ethnography Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Anthropology Cultural Qualitative Research Research & Analysis Naloxone Qualitative interviews Decision Trees Racial Groups Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Models Theoretical Opiate Overdose Socioeconomic Factors Female Drug Overdose 0305 other medical science Psychology Decision tree model |
| Zdroj: | Am J Public Health |
| ISSN: | 1541-0048 0090-0036 |
| Popis: | Objectives. To identify factors that influence when people who use drugs (PWUDs) call 911 for an overdose. Methods. We conducted 45 qualitative interviews and 180 surveys with PWUDs who had recently witnessed overdoses in Southern California from 2017 to 2019. We used conditional inference tree and random forest models to generate and validate a model to predict whether 911 would be called. Results. Our model had good in- (83%) and out-of-sample (84%) predictive accuracy. Three aspects of the social and policy environment influenced calling 911 for an overdose: the effectiveness of response strategies employed, the behavior of other bystanders, and whether the responder believes it is their responsibility to call. Conclusions. Even in the presence of policies that provide some protections, PWUDs are faced with difficult decisions about calling 911 and must weigh their own safety against that of an overdose victim. Potential interventions include strengthening training and safety planning for PWUDs, bolstering protections for PWUDs when they call 911, and separating law enforcement response from emergency medical response to overdoses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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