Activin A induces craniofacial cartilage from undifferentiated Xenopus ectoderm in vitro
| Autor: | Yasufumi Myoishi, Takashi Ariizumi, Tetsuji Okamoto, Miho Furue, Yasuto Fukui, Makoto Asashima |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty animal structures DNA Complementary Cellular differentiation Xenopus Type II collagen Ectoderm Mandible Xenopus Proteins Mesoderm Xenopus laevis Organ Culture Techniques Internal medicine medicine Morphogenesis Animals RNA Messenger Craniofacial Collagen Type II Inhibin-beta Subunits Embryonic Induction Homeodomain Proteins Multidisciplinary biology Cartilage Gene Expression Regulation Developmental Embryo Cell Differentiation Blastula Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification Cell biology Activins DNA-Binding Proteins Repressor Proteins Goosecoid Protein medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology Face embryonic structures Female Head Transcription Factors |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99(24) |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 |
| Popis: | Activin A has potent mesoderm-inducing activity in amphibian embryos and induces various mesodermal tissues in vitro from the isolated presumptive ectoderm. By using a sandwich culture method established to examine activin A activity, we previously demonstrated that activin-treated ectoderm can function as both a head and trunk-tail organizer, depending on the concentration of activin A. By using activin A and undifferentiated presumptive ectoderm, it is theoretically possible to reproduce embryonic induction. Here, we test this hypothesis by studying the induction of cartilage tissue by using the sandwich-culture method. In the sandwiched explants, the mesenchymal cell condensation expressed type II collagen and cartilage homeoprotein-1 mRNA, and subsequently, cartilage was induced as they are in vivo. goosecoid ( gsc ) mRNA was prominently expressed in the cartilage in the explants. Xenopus distal-less 4 ( X-dll4 ) mRNA was expressed throughout the explants. In Xenopus embryos, gsc expression is restricted to the cartilage of the lower jaw, and X-dll4 is widely expressed in the ventral head region, including craniofacial cartilage. These finding suggest that the craniofacial cartilage, especially lower jaw cartilage, was induced in the activin–treated sandwiched explants. In addition, a normal developmental pattern was recapitulated at the histological and genetic level. This work also suggests that the craniofacial cartilage-induction pathway is downstream of activin A. This study presents a model system suitable for the in vitro analysis of craniofacial cartilage induction in vertebrates. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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