Patient Doses in Radiographic Examinations in 12 Countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: Initial Results from IAEA Projects
| Autor: | Milomir Milakovic, Madan M. Rehani, Jalil Rouzitalab, Godfrey Mukwada, Aziz Almosabihi, Marie Jeanne Ramanandraibe, Cyril Shandorf, Adnan Beganović, W. E. Muhogora, Olivera Ciraj-Bjelac, Francois K Kabuya, Jamila Salem Al-Suwaidi, Nada A. Ahmed, Anchali Krisanachinda |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Asia Image quality Radiography quality assurance radiation safety 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging 03 medical and health sciences Kerma 0302 clinical medicine medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Medical physics Practice Patterns Physicians' Radiometry Adult patients business.industry Practice patterns General Medicine 3. Good health 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Africa patient doses Body Burden Female business Nuclear medicine radiation protection Quality assurance radiography Relative Biological Effectiveness |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Roentgenology |
| ISSN: | 1546-3141 0361-803X |
| DOI: | 10.2214/ajr.07.3039 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to survey image quality and the entrance surface air kerma for patients in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with diagnostic reference levels. SUBJECTS and METHODS. In this multinational prospective study, image quality and patient radiation doses were surveyed in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, covering 45 hospitals. The rate of unsatisfactory images and image quality grade were noted, and causes for poor image quality were investigated. The entrance surface doses for adult patients were determined in terms of the entrance surface air kerma on the basis of X-ray tube output measurements and X-ray exposure parameters. Comparison of dose levels with diagnostic reference levels was performed. RESULTS. The fraction of images rated as poor was as high as 53%. The image quality improved up to 16 percentage points in Africa, 13 in Asia, and 22 in Eastern Europe after implementation of a quality control ( QC) program. Patient doses varied by a factor of up to 88, although the majority of doses were below diagnostic reference levels. The mean entrance surface air kerma values in mGy were 0.33 ( chest, posteroanterior), 4.07 ( lumbar spine, anteroposterior), 8.53 ( lumbar spine, lateral), 3.64 ( abdomen, anteroposterior), 3.68 ( pelvis, anteroposterior), and 2.41 ( skull, anteroposterior). Patient doses were found to be similar to doses in developed countries and patient dose reductions ranging from 1.4% to 85% were achieved. CONCLUSION. Poor image quality constitutes a major source of unnecessary radiation to patients in developing countries. Comparison with other surveys indicates that patient dose levels in these countries are not higher than those in developed countries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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