Progress toward malaria elimination in Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 2000–2014
| Autor: | Abdisalan M. Noor, Abdollah Alhogail, Robert W. Snow, Mohammed Akeel, Adil A. H. Alsheikh, Ahmed Sahly, Raafat F. Alhakeem, Abdulaziz A. BinSaeed, Ibrahim Hassan, Hussein Ageely, Ibrahim Bani, Ibrahim A. Faragalla, Abdullah M. Assiri, Tageddin B. ElGamri, Mohammed Alzahrani, Mohammed Al-Atas, Mohammed Al-Helal, David Kyalo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
030231 tropical medicine Population Saudi Arabia 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Peninsula Environmental protection Malaria elimination Environmental health parasitic diseases Epidemiology medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine education geography education.field_of_study geography.geographical_feature_category business.industry Incidence Research Incidence (epidemiology) Public health medicine.disease Malaria 3. Good health Infectious Diseases Tropical medicine Parasitology business |
| Zdroj: | Malaria Journal |
| ISSN: | 1475-2875 |
| Popis: | Background The draft Global Technical Strategy for malaria aims to eliminate malaria from at least 10 countries by 2020. Yemen and Saudi Arabia remain the last two countries on the Arabian Peninsula yet to achieve elimination. Over the last 50 years, systematic efforts to control malaria in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced malaria cases to a point where malaria is now constrained largely to Jazan Province, the most south-western area along the Red Sea. The progress toward elimination in this province is reviewed between 2000 and 2014. Methods Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health case-reporting systems, activity reports, unpublished consultants reports, and relevant scientific published papers. Sub-provincial population data were obtained the national household censuses undertaken in 2004 and 2010. Rainfall data were obtained from the Meteorological Department in Jazan. Results Between 2000 and 2014 there were 5522 locally acquired cases of malaria and 9936 cases of imported malaria. A significant reduction in locally acquired malaria cases was observed from 2000 to 2014, resulting in an average annual incidence (2010–2014) of 0.3 cases per 10,000 population. Conversely imported cases, since 2000, remain consistent and higher than locally acquired cases, averaging between 250 and 830 cases per year. The incidence of locally acquired cases is heterogeneous across the Province, with only a few health districts contributing the majority of the cases. The overall decline in malaria case incidence can be attributed to coincidental expansion of control efforts and periods of exceptionally low rainfall. Conclusions Jazan province is poised to achieve malaria elimination. There is a need to change from a policy of passive case detection to reactively and proactively detecting infectious reservoirs that require new approaches to surveillance. These should be combined with advanced epidemiological tools to improve the definitions of epidemiological receptive and hotspot malaria risk mapping. The single largest threat currently remains the risks posed by imported infections from Yemen. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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