Descriptive Norms and Prototypes Predict COVID-19 Prevention Cognitions and Behaviors in the United States: Applying the Prototype Willingness Model to Pandemic Mitigation
| Autor: | Sarah DiMuccio, Laurel M. Peterson, Marie Helweg-Larsen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Mediation (statistics) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Adolescent Social distancing Physical Distancing Intention Models Psychological AcademicSubjects/SCI02170 Developmental psychology Descriptive norms Young Adult Cognition Pandemic medicine Humans Social Behavior Pandemics General Psychology Aged Aged 80 and over SARS-CoV-2 Public health Social distance Masks COVID-19 Regular Article Prototype Willingness Model Mask wearing Middle Aged Psychiatry and Mental health Normative Female Psychology AcademicSubjects/MED00010 Attitude to Health Contact tracing |
| Zdroj: | Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine |
| ISSN: | 1532-4796 |
| Popis: | BackgroundEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention behavior adoption occurred in a rapidly changing context. In contrast to expectancy-value theories, the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) is well-suited for investigating novel and socially informed behaviors.PurposeWe explored whether PWM social cognitions predicted coronavirus prevention behaviors.MethodA representative sample of United States adults (N = 738; Mage = 46.8; 51.8% women; 78% white; April 2020) who had not had COVID-19 reported PWM predictor variables (perceived vulnerability, prevention descriptive norms, prototypes engaging in prevention behavior, and prevention behavioral intentions). Two weeks later, participants reported their prevention behaviors (handwashing, mask-wearing, social distancing, etc.) and future public health behavioral willingness (contact tracing, temperature checks, etc.).ResultsControlling for putative demographic, past behavior, and coronavirus-contextual (e.g., local infection rates) covariates, mediation models indicated that higher norms and favorable prototypes were associated with greater prevention behavioral intentions, which in turn predicted increased prevention behavior, F(18, 705) = 92.20, p < .001, R2 = .70. Higher norms and favorable prototypes associated both directly and indirectly (through greater prevention behavioral intention) with greater willingness to engage in emerging public health behaviors, F(15, 715) = 21.49, p < .001, R2 = .31.ConclusionsGreater descriptive norms and favorable prototypes for prevention behavior predicted: (a) future prevention behaviors through increases in behavioral intentions and (b) willingness to participate in emerging public health behaviors. These results held across demographic groups, political affiliation, and severity of regional outbreaks. Public health efforts to curb pandemics should highlight normative prevention participation and enhance positive prototypes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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