Exosome secretion affects social motility in Trypanosoma brucei

Autor: Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher, Lior Binder, Shulamit Michaeli, Gil Arvatz, Vaibhav Chikne, Uthman Okalang, Dror Eliaz, Sriram Kannan, Hadassa Shaked, Smadar Cohen-Chalamish, Itai Dov Tkacz
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Physiology
Pathogenesis
Exosomes
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Biochemistry
Medicine and Health Sciences
Image Processing
Computer-Assisted
Small nucleolar RNAs
lcsh:QH301-705.5
In Situ Hybridization
Fluorescence
Protozoans
biology
Cell biology
Nucleic acids
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Cellular Structures and Organelles
Research Article
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Trypanosoma
Endosome
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
030106 microbiology
Immunology
Motility
Trypanosoma brucei
Time-Lapse Imaging
Microbiology
Exosome
ESCRT
Cell Line
03 medical and health sciences
Extraction techniques
Virology
Parasitic Diseases
Genetics
Secretion
Vesicles
Non-coding RNA
Molecular Biology
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
RNA
Cell Biology
Blotting
Northern
biology.organism_classification
RNA extraction
Parasitic Protozoans
Microvesicles
Gene regulation
Research and analysis methods
Microscopy
Electron
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
Parasitology
Gene expression
Physiological Processes
lcsh:RC581-607
Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense
Zdroj: PLoS Pathogens, Vol 13, Iss 3, p e1006245 (2017)
PLoS Pathogens
ISSN: 1553-7374
1553-7366
Popis: Extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by pathogens function in a variety of biological processes. Here, we demonstrate that in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, exosome secretion is induced by stress that affects trans-splicing. Following perturbations in biogenesis of spliced leader RNA, which donates its spliced leader (SL) exon to all mRNAs, or after heat-shock, the SL RNA is exported to the cytoplasm and forms distinct granules, which are then secreted by exosomes. The exosomes are formed in multivesicular bodies (MVB) utilizing the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), through a mechanism similar to microRNA secretion in mammalian cells. Silencing of the ESCRT factor, Vps36, compromised exosome secretion but not the secretion of vesicles derived from nanotubes. The exosomes enter recipient trypanosome cells. Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that cells secreting exosomes or purified intact exosomes affect social motility (SoMo). This study demonstrates that exosomes are delivered to trypanosome cells and can change their migration. Exosomes are used to transmit stress signals for communication between parasites.
Author summary Trypanosomes are the causative agent of major parasitic diseases such as African sleeping sickness, leishmaniosis and Chagas' disease that affect millions of people. These parasites cycle between an insect and a mammalian host. Communication between the parasites and the host must be essential for executing a productive infection and for cycling of the parasite between its hosts. Exosomes are 40-100nm vesicles of endocytic origin, and were shown to affect a variety of biological processes and human diseases. Exosomes were also shown to help pathogens evade the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that exosomes are secreted from Trypanosoma brucei parasites when trans-splicing is inhibited. These exosomes contain, among many other constituents, a type of RNA known as spliced leader RNA (SL RNA), which is essential in these parasites for formation of all mature mRNA. These exosomes are able to enter neighboring trypanosomes, and only intact exosomes affect the social motility of these parasites. We propose that exosomes can potentially control parasite migration in the insect host by acting as a repellent that drives the fit parasites away from either damaged cells or an unfavorable environment. This mechanism could secure a productive infection.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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