The role of congenital malformations of the thoracic egress in the development of the syndrome
| Autor: | G Monteleone, G Stevanato, Alice Nicolai, G Cialone, Vito D'Andrea, Ivano Pindinello, Samanta Taurone, Marco Artico, M T Santarelli, Roberto Cirocchi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Thoracic outlet medicine.medical_specialty Histology anterior and middle scalene muscle brachial plexus clinical grading congenital malformation costoclavicular triangle first rib interscalene triangle neuromuscular bundle subclavian artery subclavian vein Settore MED/33 medicine.artery Humans Medicine Subclavian artery Thoracic outlet syndrome Rib cage medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Magnetic resonance imaging Arteries Neurovascular bundle medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiography Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Radiology Anatomy Tomography X-Ray Computed business Subclavian vein Brachial plexus |
| Popis: | Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) represents a clinical condition caused by compression of the neurovascular structures that cross the thoracic outlet. TOS can be classified in: 1) neurogenic TOS (NTOS), 2) venous TOS (VTOS), 3) arterial TOS (ATOS). Many different causes can determine the syndrome: congenital malformations, traumas, and functional impairments.This manuscript reviews how the congenital malformations play an important role in adult age; however, TOS also affects patients of all ages.Radiological imaging like X-ray (radiography), magnetic resonance and computed tomography can provide useful information to assess TOS causes and decide a potential surgery. 79% of the patients included in the first two stages of nerve, artery, vein (NAV) staging experienced excellent results with kinesiotherapy; whereas patients included in the third and fourth stage of NAV staging were subject to surgery.The treatment of acute forms of TOS involves thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy; surgery is appropriate for true NTOS, vascular TOS and in some cases when conservative treatment fails. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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