The relationship of malathion and its metabolities to fish poisoning
| Autor: | David L. Coppage, Gary H. Cook, James C. Moore |
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| Rok vydání: | 1976 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
biology Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Metabolite Organophosphate Fishes Pesticide Residues Active site Brain General Medicine Pesticide Toxicology Phosphate Pollution Acetylcholinesterase chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Environmental chemistry biology.protein Malathion Ecotoxicology Animals Cholinesterase Inhibitors |
| Zdroj: | Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 16(3) |
| ISSN: | 0007-4861 |
| Popis: | Malathion is a widely used organophosphate insecticide with an annual production estimated to be in excess of 1 X 107 kg in the United States (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 1972a). It may enter surface water through surface runoff (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 1972b,c,d) or through direct spray for mosquito control (GUERRANT et al. 1970, COPPAGE and DUKE 1971, PINKOVSKI 1972). Concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 500~g malathion/s some surface waters have been reported (GUERRANT et al. 1970, DUPUY and SCHULZE 1972, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 1972b) but interpretation of effects of residues on non-target species is difficult because the toxic agent during poisoning is a "persistent" metabolite bound to an enzyme in a form not identifiable by analytical chemical analysis of animal tissue (ALDRIDGE 1971, FUKUTO 1971). Poisoning results from accumulation of a neurotransmitter substance (acetylcholine) because the active site of its hydrolyzing enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) of nerve cells is phosphorylated by dimethyl or methyl phosphate after conversion of malathion toits oxygen analog (O'BRIEN 1960, KOELLE 1963, KARCZMAR 1970, ALDRIDGE 1971, FUKUTO 1971). In animals from the natural environment, enzyme inhibition is measurable in nerve tissue and indicates poisoning even though chemical residues of the enzyme-bound pesticide metabolites are not measurable. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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