Structural Determinants of Youth Bullying and Fighting in 79 Countries
| Autor: | Sophie D. Walsh, Candace Currie, Aixa Y Aleman-Diaz, Britt McKinnon, Frank J. Elgar, Geneviève Gariépy, John G. Freeman, Michal Molcho, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Peter Donnelly, William Pickett |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Internationality Inequality Adolescent media_common.quotation_subject Poison control Violence Occupational safety and health Economic inequality Political science Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans Socioeconomics Child Crime Victims media_common Government spending Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Bullying Per capita income Psychiatry and Mental health Cross-Sectional Studies Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Regression Analysis Female Adolescent health |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 57(6) |
| ISSN: | 1879-1972 |
| Popis: | Purspose The prevention of youth violence is a public health priority in many countries. We examined the prevalence of bullying victimization and physical fighting in youths in 79 high- and low-income countries and the relations between structural determinants of adolescent health (country wealth, income inequality, and government spending on education) and international differences in youth violence. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were administered in schools between 2003 and 2011. These surveys provided national prevalence rates of bullying victimization (n = 334,736) and four or more episodes of physical fighting in the past year (n = 342,312) in eligible and consenting 11–16 year olds. Contextual measures included per capita income, income inequality, and government expenditures on education. We used meta-regression to examine relations between country characteristics and youth violence. Results Approximately 30% of adolescents reported bullying victimization and 10.7% of males and 2.7% of females were involved in frequent physical fighting. More youth were exposed to violence in African and Eastern Mediterranean countries than in Europe and Asia. Violence directly related to country wealth; a 1 standard deviation increase in per capita income corresponded to less bullying (−3.9% in males and −4.2% in females) and less fighting (−2.9% in males and −1.0% in females). Income inequality and education spending modified the relation between country wealth and fighting; where inequality was high, country wealth related more closely to fighting if education spending was also high. Conclusions Country wealth is a robust determinant of youth violence. Fighting in affluent but economically unequal countries might be reduced through increased government spending on education. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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