A termite symbiotic mushroom maximizing sexual activity at growing tips of vegetative hyphae
| Autor: | Chung-Ju Rachel Wang, Bill C.H. Chang, Pao-Yang Chen, Wen-Wei Liao, Chieh-Chen Huang, Wen Neng Chou, Mei Jane Fang, Huei Mei Hsieh, Fei-Man Hsu, Yu Hsin Kao, Mei Chu Chung, Yu-Ming Ju, Ai Ning Sung, Chi-Yung Lai, Jyh Ching Chou, Chun Ru Lin |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Hypha Meiotic-like Odontotermes formosanus Plant Science 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Termitomyces mushroom Meiosis Termitomyces lcsh:Botany Botany Mating Symbiosis Mycelium Heterokaryon biology Basidiomycota fungi biology.organism_classification lcsh:QK1-989 030104 developmental biology DMC1 Original Article |
| Zdroj: | Botanical Studies, Vol 58, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017) Botanical Studies |
| ISSN: | 1999-3110 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40529-017-0191-9 |
| Popis: | Background Termitomyces mushrooms are mutualistically associated with fungus-growing termites, which are widely considered to cultivate a monogenotypic Termitomyces symbiont within a colony. Termitomyces cultures isolated directly from termite colonies are heterokaryotic, likely through mating between compatible homokaryons. Results After pairing homokaryons carrying different haplotypes at marker gene loci MIP and RCB from a Termitomyces fruiting body associated with Odontotermes formosanus, we observed nuclear fusion and division, which greatly resembled meiosis, during each hyphal cell division and conidial formation in the resulting heterokaryons. Surprisingly, nuclei in homokaryons also behaved similarly. To confirm if meiotic-like recombination occurred within mycelia, we constructed whole-genome sequencing libraries from mycelia of two homokaryons and a heterokaryon resulting from mating of the two homokaryons. Obtained reads were aligned to the reference genome of Termitomyces sp. J132 for haplotype reconstruction. After removal of the recombinant haplotypes shared between the heterokaryon and either homokaryons, we inferred that 5.04% of the haplotypes from the heterokaryon were the recombinants resulting from homologous recombination distributed genome-wide. With RNA transcripts of four meiosis-specific genes, including SPO11, DMC1, MSH4, and MLH1, detected from a mycelial sample by real-time quantitative PCR, the nuclear behavior in mycelia was reconfirmed meiotic-like. Conclusion Unlike other basidiomycetes where sex is largely restricted to basidia, Termitomyces maximizes sexuality at somatic stage, resulting in an ever-changing genotype composed of a myriad of coexisting heterogeneous nuclei in a heterokaryon. Somatic meiotic-like recombination may endow Termitomyces with agility to cope with termite consumption by maximized genetic variability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-017-0191-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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