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Chandrashekar Srinivasa,1,* SR Santosh Kumar,2 Sushma Pradeep,3 Shashanka K Prasad,3 Ravindra Veerapur,4 Mohammad Azam Ansari,5 Mohammad N Alomary,6 Saad Alghamdi,7 Mazen Almehmadi,8 Kavitha GC,1 Azharuddin B Daphedar,9 Siddappa B Kakkalameli,10 Chandan Shivamallu,3,* Shiva Prasad Kollur11,12,* 1Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Davangere University, Davangere, 577 007, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere, 577 007, Karnataka, India; 3Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 015, India; 4Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe, Malawi; 5Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; 6National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia; 7Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24231, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Studies in Botany, Anjuman Arts, Science and Commerce College, Vijayapura, Karnataka, 586 101, India; 10Department of Studies in Botany, Davangere University, Davangere, 577 007, Karnataka, India; 11Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 026, India; 12School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shiva Prasad Kollur; Siddappa B Kakkalameli, Email shivachemist@gmail.com; dubotsiddu@gmail.comIntroduction: Cancer disease is known due to its unregulated proliferation of cells that have evolved from the bodyâs regular cells. The disease develops as a result of epigenetic and genetic modifications, tumor suppressor gene inactivation, and oncogene activation. The present work describes an environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) using Gmelina arborea fruit extract (GAE) in an aqueous medium.Methods: The study evaluated the formation of MnO2 NPs and their anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.Results: The formation of MnO2 NPs was confirmed through powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The crystalline nature of as-prepared MnO2 NPs was evident from XRD pattern. The morphology of the material was studied using SEM analysis, which suggested a rod-like nature with an average diameter of 50 nm. Further, the TEM and HR-TEM images confirmed the rod shape of the as-prepared MnO2 NPs with an interplanar distance of 0.271 nm. In addition, the concentric rings from selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis show the crystalline nature of the as-prepared material, which further supports the obtained XRD pattern. The anticancer efficacy of MnO2 NPs was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which showed up to 96% inhibition of the cells at 400 μg/mL concentration.Conclusion: Bio-conjugation of MnO2 NPs can provide enough scope for the therapeutic use of Gmelina arborea, assuming appropriate mechanistic evaluations are conducted.Keywords: Gmelina arborea, MnO2 NPs, HR-TEM, MCF-7 |
