The endogenous inflammatory reflex inhibits the inflammatory response to different immune challenges in mice
| Autor: | Brendon Y. Chua, Michael J. McKinley, Robin M. McAllen, David C. Jackson, Alessandra Occhinegro, Chinn Yi Wong, Davide Martelli |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Occhinegro A., Wong C.Y., Chua B.Y., Jackson D.C., McKinley M.J., McAllen R.M., Martelli D. |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Agonist
Lipopolysaccharides medicine.medical_specialty Lipopolysaccharide medicine.drug_class Immunology Inflammatory reflex Interleukin 10 (IL-10) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Inflammation Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) Splanchnic nerves Toll-like receptor (TLR) Behavioral Neuroscience chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Internal medicine Reflex medicine Animals Endocrine and Autonomic Systems business.industry Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) Splanchnic Nerves Rats Interleukin 10 Endocrinology medicine.anatomical_structure Splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway chemistry Sympathetic nervous system Cytokines medicine.symptom business Splanchnic Dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine (Pam2cys) |
| Zdroj: | Brain, behavior, and immunity. 97 |
| ISSN: | 1090-2139 |
| Popis: | The splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway, the efferent arm of the endogenous inflammatory reflex, has been shown to suppress the acute inflammatory response of rats to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we show for the first time that this applies also to mice, and that the reflex may be engaged by a range of inflammatory stimuli. Experiments were performed on mice under deep anaesthesia. Half the animals were subjected to bilateral section of the splanchnic sympathetic nerves, to disconnect the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway, while the remainder underwent a sham operation. Mice were then challenged intravenously with one of three inflammatory stimuli: the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 agonist, LPS (60 µg/kg), the TLR-3 agonist Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C, 1 mg/kg) or the TLR-2 and -6 agonist dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine (Pam2cys, 34 µg/kg). Ninety minutes later, blood was sampled by cardiac puncture for serum cytokine analysis. The splanchnic anti-inflammatory reflex action was assessed by comparing cytokine levels between animals with cut versus those with intact splanchnic nerves. A consistent pattern emerged: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in response to all three challenges were raised by prior splanchnic nerve section, while levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) were reduced. The raised TNF:IL-10 ratio after splanchnic nerve section indicates an enhanced inflammatory state when the reflex is disabled. These findings show for the first time that the inflammatory reflex drives a coordinated anti-inflammatory action also in mice, and demonstrate that its anti-inflammatory action is engaged, in similar fashion, by inflammatory stimuli mimicking a range of bacterial and viral infections. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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