Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs
| Autor: | Peng Ding, Rebecca Z. German, Shaina Devi Holman, Estela M. Gierbolini-Norat, Regina Campbell-Malone, Stacey L. Lukasik |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Palate
Hard medicine.medical_specialty Time Factors Sensory Receptor Cells medicine.drug_class Swine medicine.medical_treatment Stimulation Article Reflex medicine Animals Anesthetics Local Bupivacaine hydrochloride Bupivacaine General Veterinary Isoflurane Local anesthetic business.industry Nerve Block Surgery medicine.anatomical_structure Anesthesia Anesthetics Inhalation Nerve block Hard palate business Sensory nerve medicine.drug |
| Popis: | Bupivacaine hydrochloride is frequently used in veterinary dental procedures to reduce the amount of general anesthesia needed and to reduce post-procedural pain. The aim of this study was to develop a novel method to test local anesthetic duration in mammals. Six infant pigs were placed under deep/surgical anesthesia with 3 % isoflurane and oxygen while 0.5 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride was injected to block the two greater palatine and the nasopalatine nerves. They were then maintained under light anesthesia with 0.5–1.0 % isoflurane. Beginning 15-minutes after the injection, 7 sites in the oral cavity were stimulated using a pointed dental waxing instrument, including 3 sites on the hard palate. The response, or lack of response, to the stimulus was recorded on video and in written record. The bupivacaine hydrochloride injections lasted 1 to 3-hours before the animals responded to the sensory stimulation with a reflexive movement. This study provides evidence that bupivacaine used to anesthetize the hard palate has a relatively short and variable duration of action far below what is expected based on its pharmacokinetic properties. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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