Priming of inducible defenses protects Norway spruce against tree-killing bark beetles
Autor: | Tao Zhao, Halvor Solheim, Erik Christiansen, Axel Schmidt, Carl Gunnar Fossdal, Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson, Melissa H. Mageroy, Niklas Björklund, Paal Krokene, Bo Långström |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Ips typographus Physiology Cyclopentanes Plant Science Acetates Immunological memory 01 natural sciences Trees Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Plant Growth Regulators Animals Oxylipins Picea Plant Diseases Methyl jasmonate biology Norway Terpenes fungi Fungi food and beverages Picea abies biology.organism_classification Coleoptera 030104 developmental biology chemistry Plant Bark 010606 plant biology & botany |
Zdroj: | Plant, Cell and Environment |
Popis: | Plants can form an immunological memory known as defense priming, whereby exposure to a priming stimulus enables quicker or stronger response to subsequent attack by pests and pathogens. Such priming of inducible defenses provides increased protection and reduces allocation costs of defense. Defense priming has been widely studied for short-lived model plants such as Arabidopsis, but little is known about this phenomenon in long-lived plants like spruce. We compared the effects of pretreatment with sublethal fungal inoculations or application of the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the resistance of 48-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees to mass attack by a tree-killing bark beetle beginning 35 days later. Bark beetles heavily infested and killed untreated trees but largely avoided fungus-inoculated trees and MeJA-treated trees. Quantification of defensive terpenes at the time of bark beetle attack showed fungal inoculation induced 91-fold higher terpene concentrations compared with untreated trees, whereas application of MeJA did not significantly increase terpenes. These results indicate that resistance in fungus-inoculated trees is a result of direct induction of defenses, whereas resistance in MeJA-treated trees is due to defense priming. This work extends our knowledge of defense priming from model plants to an ecologically important tree species. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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