Cell-Free DNA Fragments as Biomarkers of Islet β-Cell Death in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Autor: Marilyn Arosemena, Raghavendra G. Mirmira, Kieren J. Mather, Sarah A. Tersey, Farah A. Meah
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
insulin
type 1 diabetes
medicine.medical_treatment
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Type 2 diabetes
Review
Bioinformatics
Catalysis
lcsh:Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
β-cell dysfunction
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Insulin resistance
Insulin-Secreting Cells
Diabetes mellitus
medicine
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
Type 1 diabetes
geography
β-cell biomarkers
geography.geographical_feature_category
Cell Death
business.industry
Insulin
Organic Chemistry
General Medicine
DNA Methylation
medicine.disease
Islet
Obesity
Computer Science Applications
Transplantation
030104 developmental biology
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
type 2 diabetes
C-peptide
business
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
Biomarkers
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 2151, p 2151 (2021)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) typically occurs in the setting of obesity and insulin resistance, where hyperglycemia is associated with decreased pancreatic β-cell mass and function. Loss of β-cell mass has variably been attributed to β-cell dedifferentiation and/or death. In recent years, it has been proposed that circulating epigenetically modified DNA fragments arising from β cells might be able to report on the potential occurrence of β-cell death in diabetes. Here, we review published literature of DNA-based β-cell death biomarkers that have been evaluated in human cohorts of islet transplantation, type 1 diabetes, and obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, we provide new data on the applicability of one of these biomarkers (cell free unmethylated INS DNA) in adult cohorts across a spectrum from obesity to T2D, in which no significant differences were observed, and compare these findings to those previously published in youth cohorts where differences were observed. Our analysis of the literature and our own data suggest that β-cell death may occur in subsets of individuals with obesity and T2D, however a more sensitive method or refined study designs are needed to provide better alignment of sampling with disease progression events.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: