Demography, urbanization and development : rural push, urban pull and... urban push ?
| Autor: | Luc Christiaensen, Marina Gindelsky, Remi Jedwab |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Economics and Econometrics
MIGRATION 0211 other engineering and technologies Pro-Poor Growth National Urban Development Policies&Strategies Population Policies Regional Urban Development Urban Housing and Land Settlements Urban density 02 engineering and technology CONGESTION Urban planning Urban climate Urbanization 0502 economics and business Development economics RURAL POVERTY 050207 economics POPULATION GROWTH URBAN PUSH Internal migration MORTALITY 05 social sciences 021107 urban & regional planning URBANIZATION Urban Studies Urban economics Geography DEMOGRAPHICS AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION Urban bias SLUMS Rural area URBAN MORTALITY |
| Zdroj: | Demography, Urbanization and Development: Rural Push, Urban Pull and… Urban Push? |
| Popis: | Developing countries have urbanized rapidly since 1950. To explain urbanization, standard models emphasize rural-urban migration, focusing on rural push factors (agricultural modernization and rural poverty) and urban pull factors (industrialization and urban-biased policies). Using new historical data on urban birth and death rates for seven countries from Industrial Europe (1800–1910) and thirty-five developing countries (1960–2010), this paper argues that a non-negligible part of developing countries’ rapid urban growth and urbanization may also be linked to demographic factors, such as rapid internal urban population growth, or an urban push. High urban natural increase in today’s developing countries follows from lower urban mortality, relative to Industrial Europe, where higher urban deaths offset urban births. This compounds the effects of migration and displays strong associations with urban congestion, providing additional insight into the phenomenon of urbanization without growth. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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