Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults
| Autor: | Rivak Punchoo, Sachin Bhoora, Avania Bangalee |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV Infections HIV Antibodies medicine.disease_cause Immunoglobulin G Serology EIA Immunoenzyme Techniques medicine Open Forum Humans Point of care biology medicine.diagnostic_test human immunodeficiency virus business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health virus diseases HIV P24 antigen Virology enzyme immunoassay Human immunodeficiency virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA analytical error HIV biomarkers HIV diagnosis Immunoglobulin M Immunoassay biology.protein HIV-1 Medicine Antibody Family Practice business |
| Zdroj: | South African Family Practice South African Family Practice; Vol. 63 No. 4 (2021) South African Family Practice, Vol 63, Iss 1, Pp e1-e5 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2078-6204 2078-6190 |
| Popis: | Serological tests based on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are the primary tool for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults and have rapidly evolved to quicker, affordable and more accurate test formats to detect early HIV infection. Second- and third-generation HIV rapid tests detect the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the HIV and are used at the point of care and in HIV self-testing. The tests are affordable and accessible in state and private diagnostic laboratories. The present-day fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs can detect both p24 antigen and IgG and IgM HIV antibodies and thereby diagnose early HIV infection at approximately 2 weeks. The fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs also report sensitivity and specificity of more than 99%. The correct interpretation of HIV diagnosis of false-positive and false-negative EIA test results requires collaborative scrutiny of patient factors and laboratory test methodologies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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