Telomeres and Telomerase During Human Papillomavirus-Induced Carcinogenesis
| Autor: | Grzegorz Głąb, Anna Pańczyszyn, Ewa Boniewska-Bernacka |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Telomerase Oncogene Proteins Carcinogenesis Cell Review Article Biology medicine.disease_cause Retinoblastoma Protein Virus 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Genetics medicine Humans Telomerase reverse transcriptase Papillomaviridae Telomere Shortening Pharmacology Papillomavirus Infections DNA replication General Medicine Oncogene Proteins Viral Virus Internalization Cell Transformation Viral Telomere 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cancer research Disease Progression Molecular Medicine RNA Female Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy |
| ISSN: | 1177-1062 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40291-018-0336-x |
| Popis: | Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) belong to a small spherical virus family and are transmitted through direct contact, most often through sexual behavior. More than 200 types of HPV are known, a dozen or so of which are classified as high-risk viruses (HR HPV) and may contribute to the development of cervical cancer. HPV is a small virus with a capsid composed of L1 and L2 proteins, which are crucial for entry to the cell. The infection begins at the basal cell layer and progresses to involve cells from higher layers of the cervical epithelium. E6 and E7 viral proteins are involved in the process of carcinogenesis. They interact with suppressors of oncogenesis, including p53 and Rb proteins. This leads to DNA replication and intensive cell divisions. The persistent HR HPV infection leads to the development of dysplasia and these changes may progress to invasive cancer. During the initial stage of carcinogenesis, telomeres shorten until telomerase activates. The activation of telomerase, the enzyme necessary to extend chromosome ends (telomeres) is the key step in cell immortalization. Analyzing the expression level of hTERT and hTERC genes encoding telomerase and telomere length measurement may constitute new markers of the early carcinogenesis. Key Points: Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) may cause cervical cancer Molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis induced by HR HPV is partly known but new biomarkers of early carcinogenesis are still required for effective cervical cancer screening Results of several studies indicate that telomere length measurements and expression analysis of genes coding telomerase may potentially be useful in early diagnosis of a precancerous state, but those methods are currently under development |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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