Sulfur mustard and respiratory diseases
| Autor: | Feng Ru Tang, Weng Keong Loke |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Lung Neoplasms
Pulmonary Fibrosis Respiratory System Bronchiolitis obliterans Iran Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Peroxynitrous Acid Mustard Gas Pulmonary fibrosis medicine Animals Humans Chemical Warfare Agents World War I Respiratory system Bronchiolitis Obliterans Lung medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Sulfur mustard medicine.disease Glutathione Disease Models Animal Bronchoalveolar lavage medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Iraq Immunology Toxicity Nitric Oxide Synthase Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases E-Selectin business Peroxynitrite |
| Zdroj: | Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 42:688-702 |
| ISSN: | 1547-6898 1040-8444 |
| Popis: | Victims exposed to sulfur mustard (HD) in World War I and Iran-Iraq war, and those suffered occupational or accidental exposure have endured discomfort in the respiratory system at early stages after exposure, and marked general physical deterioration at late stages due to pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans or lung cancer. At molecule levels, significant changes of cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum, and of selectins (in particular sE-selectin) and soluble Fas ligand in the serum have been reported in recent studies of patients exposed to HD in Iran-Iraq war, suggesting that these molecules may be associated with the pathophysiological development of pulmonary diseases. Experimental studies in rodents have revealed that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, their product peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), nitric oxide synthase, glutathione, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, activating protein-1 signaling pathway are promising drug targets for preventing HD-induced toxicity, whereas N-acetyl cysteine, tocopherols, melatonin, aprotinin and many other molecules have been proved to be effective in prevention of HD-induced damage to the respiratory system in different animal models. In this paper, we will systemically review clinical and pathophysiological changes of respiratory system in victims exposed to HD in the last century, update clinicians and researchers on the mechanism of HD-induced acute and chronic lung damages, and on the relevant drug targets for future development of antidotes for HD. Further research directions will also be proposed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
| Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje | K zobrazení výsledku je třeba se přihlásit. |