The Role of Coronavirus RNA-Processing Enzymes in Innate Immune Evasion
Autor: | Georgia Mandilara, Marios Agelopoulos, G Sourvinos, Theodoros Rampias, Apostolos Beloukas, Marianna A Koutsi |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
RNA capping Science viruses 030106 microbiology coronavirus Computational biology Review Biology medicine.disease_cause Genome General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences Interferon medicine Gene innate immunity Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Coronavirus immune evasion Innate immune system SARS-CoV-2 Paleontology RNA viral RNA sensing RNA silencing 030104 developmental biology Space and Planetary Science medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Life Life, Vol 11, Iss 571, p 571 (2021) |
ISSN: | 2075-1729 |
Popis: | Viral RNA sensing triggers innate antiviral responses in humans by stimulating signaling pathways that include crucial antiviral genes such as interferon. RNA viruses have evolved strategies to inhibit or escape these mechanisms. Coronaviruses use multiple enzymes to synthesize, modify, and process their genomic RNA and sub-genomic RNAs. These include Nsp15 and Nsp16, whose respective roles in RNA capping and dsRNA degradation play a crucial role in coronavirus escape from immune surveillance. Evolutionary studies on coronaviruses demonstrate that genome expansion in Nidoviruses was promoted by the emergence of Nsp14-ExoN activity and led to the acquisition of Nsp15- and Nsp16-RNA-processing activities. In this review, we discuss the main RNA-sensing mechanisms in humans as well as recent structural, functional, and evolutionary insights into coronavirus Nsp15 and Nsp16 with a view to potential antiviral strategies. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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