Human Hydration Indices: Acute and Longitudinal Reference Values
| Autor: | Stavros A. Kavouras, Douglas J. Casa, Carl M. Maresh, Kelly A. Fiala, Amy C. Pumerantz, Melissa W. Roti, Lawrence E. Armstrong |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Urinalysis Urinary system Body water Drinking Color Medicine (miscellaneous) Urine Excretion Young Adult Animal science Body Water Reference Values Internal medicine medicine Humans Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Specific Gravity Morning Nutrition and Dietetics Dehydration medicine.diagnostic_test Urine specific gravity Chemistry Osmolar Concentration General Medicine Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Water-Electrolyte Balance Confidence interval Circadian Rhythm Urodynamics Endocrinology |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 20:145-153 |
| ISSN: | 1543-2742 1526-484X |
| DOI: | 10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.145 |
| Popis: | It is difficult to describe hydration status and hydration extremes because fluid intakes and excretion patterns of free-living individuals are poorly documented and regulation of human water balance is complex and dynamic. This investigation provided reference values for euhydration (i.e., body mass, daily fluid intake, serum osmolality; M ± SD); it also compared urinary indices in initial morning samples and 24-hr collections. Five observations of 59 healthy, active men (age 22 ± 3 yr, body mass 75.1 ± 7.9 kg) occurred during a 12-d period. Participants maintained detailed records of daily food and fluid intake and exercise. Results indicated that the mean total fluid intake in beverages, pure water, and solid foods was >2.1 L/24 hr (range 1.382–3.261, 95% confidence interval 0.970–3.778 L/24 hr); mean urine volume was >1.3 L/24 hr (0.875–2.250 and 0.675–3.000 L/24 hr); mean urine specific gravity was >1.018 (1.011–1.027 and 1.009–1.030); and mean urine color was ≥4 (4–6 and 2–7). However, these men rarely (0–2% of measurements) achieved a urine specific gravity below 1.010 or color of 1. The first morning urine sample was more concentrated than the 24-h urine collection, likely because fluids were not consumed overnight. Furthermore, urine specific gravity and osmolality were strongly correlated (r2 = .81–.91, p < .001) in both morning and 24-hr collections. These findings provide euhydration reference values and hydration extremes for 7 commonly used indices in free-living, healthy, active men who were not exercising in a hot environment or training strenuously. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|