Chloroquine differentially modulates inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 cells in response to inactivated Staphylococcus aureus
| Autor: | Xian-Hui He, Hao Pan, Xiaoyu Zhang, Dong-Yun Ouyang, Dan Zhou, Gao-Xiang Zhao, Yi Liu, Li-Hui Xu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Regulation of gene expression
Messenger RNA Staphylococcus aureus Macrophages Immunology Chloroquine Biology CCL2 Molecular biology Microbiology Proinflammatory cytokine Mice Gene Expression Regulation biology.protein Immunology and Allergy Animals Cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha Signal transduction Inflammation Mediators Interleukin 6 RAW 264.7 Cells |
| Zdroj: | Inflammation. 38(2) |
| ISSN: | 1573-2576 |
| Popis: | The anti-inflammatory property of chloroquine (CQ) has long been recognized. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CQ on proinflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus cells (SAC). The results showed that CQ treatment reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in culture medium but increased intracellular protein expression of TNF-α and CCL2 in SAC-activated cells. However, CQ showed differential effects on their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels: it reduced IL-6 mRNA expression, increased CCL2 mRNA levels, but had no effect on TNF-α mRNA. The SAC-activated inflammatory signaling pathways were slightly or minimally affected by CQ treatment. Additionally, CQ increased the accumulation of pro-TNF-α proteins within cells, suggesting an inhibition of pro-TNF-α processing and secretion. Collectively, CQ differentially modulated proinflammatory cytokine expression in Gram-positive bacterium-activated macrophages at multiple regulatory layers in the course of their biosynthesis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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