Salivarian Trypanosomes Have Adopted Intricate Host-Pathogen Interaction Mechanisms That Ensure Survival in Plain Sight of the Adaptive Immune System
| Autor: | Joar Esteban Pinto Torres, Seoyeon Oh, Stefan Magez, Magdalena Radwanska |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
trypanosomiasis Host–pathogen interaction Review Biology BRUCEI-RHODESIENSE Immune system VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN parasitic diseases Medicine and Health Sciences medicine Immunology and Allergy MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION BLOOD-STREAM FORMS African trypanosomiasis LYTIC FACTOR Molecular Biology CARD-AGGLUTINATION-TEST General Immunology and Microbiology Host (biology) Biology and Life Sciences NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense adaptive immunity Acquired immune system medicine.disease Animal trypanosomiasis Virology infection EVANSI INFECTION parasitemia control HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS Infectious Diseases Medicine HAPTOGLOBIN-HEMOGLOBIN RECEPTOR Trypanosomiasis |
| Zdroj: | PATHOGENS Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 679, p 679 (2021) Pathogens |
| ISSN: | 2076-0817 |
| Popis: | Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites affecting humans, livestock and game animals. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are human infective sub-species of T. brucei causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT—sleeping sickness). The related T. b. brucei parasite lacks the resistance to survive in human serum, and only inflicts animal infections. Animal trypanosomiasis (AT) is not restricted to Africa, but is present on all continents. T. congolense and T. vivax are the most widespread pathogenic trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Through mechanical transmission, T. vivax has also been introduced into South America. T. evansi is a unique animal trypanosome that is found in vast territories around the world and can cause atypical human trypanosomiasis (aHT). All salivarian trypanosomes are well adapted to survival inside the host’s immune system. This is not a hostile environment for these parasites, but the place where they thrive. Here we provide an overview of the latest insights into the host-parasite interaction and the unique survival strategies that allow trypanosomes to outsmart the immune system. In addition, we review new developments in treatment and diagnosis as well as the issues that have hampered the development of field-applicable anti-trypanosome vaccines for the implementation of sustainable disease control. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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