Neural activity patterns between different executive tasks are more similar in adulthood than in adolescence
| Autor: | Kai Hakkarainen, Kirsti Lonka, Viljami Salmela, Synnöve Carlson, Katariina Salmela-Aro, Mona Moisala, Kimmo Alho |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, University College London, North West University, University of Helsinki, Aalto-yliopisto, Medicum, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Department of Physiology, Department of Education, Kimmo Alho, Minds Hub, Research Group for Educational Psychology, Attention and Memory Networks Research Group, Teachers' Academy |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Brain activity and meditation brain imaging Neural recruitment Developmental psychology Executive functions Executive Function Behavioral Neuroscience Functional connectivity Cognition 0302 clinical medicine COGNITIVE CONTROL Attention Young adult CORTICAL ACTIVITY 10. No inequality Original Research Brain Mapping medicine.diagnostic_test fMRI 05 social sciences Age Factors Brain executive functions Magnetic Resonance Imaging Adolescence Inhibition Psychological Memory Short-Term RESTING STATE FMRI Female Psychology RESPONSE-INHIBITION Adult BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT Adolescent 515 Psychology Brain imaging Development SELECTIVE ATTENTION ta3112 050105 experimental psychology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences WORKING-MEMORY medicine Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences development Neural correlates of consciousness Resting state fMRI Working memory functional connectivity LATE CHILDHOOD INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS adolescence Functional magnetic resonance imaging 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Brain and Behavior |
| Popis: | Background: Adolescence is a time of ongoing neural maturation and cognitive development, especially regarding executive functions. In the current study, age-related differences in the neural correlates of different executive functions were tracked by comparing three age groups consisting of adolescents and young adults. Methods: Brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 167 human participants (13- to 14-year-old middle adolescents, 16- to 17-year-old late adolescents and 20-to 24-year-old young adults; 80 female, 87 male) while they performed attention and working memory tasks. The tasks were designed to tap into four putative sub-processes of executive function: division of attention, inhibition of distractors, working memory, and attention switching. Results: Behaviorally, our results demonstrated superior task performance in older participants across all task types. When brain activity was examined, young adult participants demonstrated a greater degree of overlap between brain regions recruited by the different executive tasks than adolescent participants. Similarly, functional connectivity between frontoparietal cortical regions was less task specific in the young adult participants than in adolescent participants. Conclusions: Together, these results demonstrate that the similarity between different executive processes in terms of both neural recruitment and functional connectivity increases with age from middle adolescence to early adulthood, possibly contributing to age-related behavioral improvements in executive functioning. These developmental changes in brain recruitment may reflect a more homogenous morphological organization between process-specific neural networks, increased reliance on a more domain-general network involved in executive processing, or developmental changes in cognitive strategy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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