Evaluation of the health risk associated with exposure to chloroform in indoor swimming pools
| Autor: | Benoît Lévesque, Pierre Ayotte, Guy Gingras, Denis Prud'homme, Eric Dewailly, Sylvain Allaire, Robert Lavoie, Ginette Charest-Tardif, Robert Tardif |
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| Rok vydání: | 2000 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Skin Absorption Safety margin Biology Toxicology Risk Assessment Animal science Swimming Pools Alveolar air Air pollutants Neoplasms medicine Humans Health risk Child Lung Swimming Air Pollutants Quebec Middle Aged Ambient air Surgery Multicenter study Air Pollution Indoor Linear Models Female Chloroform Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. 61(4) |
| ISSN: | 1528-7394 |
| Popis: | The exposure of swimmers to chloroform (CHCl3) was investigated in indoor swimming pools of the Quebec City region along with the associated carcinogenic risk. Six training sessions involving 52 competition swimmers (11 to 20 yr old) were conducted in 3 different pools, while 12 adult leisure swimmers attended 5 sessions, each held in a different pool. For each session, water and ambient air CHCl3 concentrations were measured and CHCl3 levels in alveolar air samples (CHCl3 ALV) collected from swimmers prior to entering the swimming pool premises and after 15, 35, and 60 min of swimming. Mean water concentrations varied from 18 microg/L to 80 microg/L, while those in air ranged from 78 microg/m3 to 329 microg/m3. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that CHCl3 ALV values in competition swimmers were strongly correlated to ambient air and water levels, and to a lesser degree to the intensity of training. Only ambient air concentration was positively correlated to CHCl3 ALV in the leisure group. Concentrations of CHCl3 metabolites bound to hepatic and renal macromolecules, estimated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, were 1.6 and 1.9 times higher for the competition swimmers than for the leisure swimmers, respectively. The highest hepatic concentration predicted in competition swimmers, 0.22 microg CHCl3 equivalents/kg of tissue, was at least 10,000 times lower than the smallest no observed effect level for liver tumors in animals. Data indicate that the safety margin is therefore very large, for competitive swimmers as well as for leisure swimmers. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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