Understanding the Chemical Exposome During Fetal Development and Early Childhood: A Review
| Autor: | Magdaléna Krausová, Dominik Braun, Tina Buerki-Thurnherr, Claudia Gundacker, Eva Schernhammer, Lukas Wisgrill, Benedikt Warth |
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| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 63:517-540 |
| ISSN: | 1545-4304 0362-1642 |
| DOI: | 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051922-113350 |
| Popis: | Early human life is considered a critical window of susceptibility to external exposures. Infants are exposed to a multitude of environmental factors, collectively referred to as the exposome. The chemical exposome can be summarized as the sum of all xenobiotics that humans are exposed to throughout a lifetime. We review different exposure classes and routes that impact fetal and infant metabolism and the potential toxicological role of mixture effects. We also discuss the progress in human biomonitoring and present possible models for studying maternal-fetal transfer. Data gaps on prenatal and infant exposure to xenobiotic mixtures are identified and include natural biotoxins, in addition to commonly reported synthetic toxicants, to obtain a more holistic assessment of the chemical exposome. We highlight the lack of large-scale studies covering a broad range of xenobiotics. Several recommendations to advance our understanding of the early-life chemical exposome and the subsequent impact on health outcomes are proposed. Expected final online publication date for the |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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