Analysis of Possible Triggering Mechanisms of Severe Thunderstorms in the Tropical Central Andes of Peru, Mantaro Valley
| Autor: | Daniel Martínez Castro, Shailendra Kumar, Aldo Saturnino Moya Álvarez, Elver Edmundo Villalobos Puma, Yamina Silva Vidal, José Luis Flores Rojas |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
Granizo 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences 0208 environmental biotechnology Andes 02 engineering and technology lcsh:QC851-999 Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Sea-breeze circulations 01 natural sciences Hailstorms purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00 [http] Atmosphere sea-breeze circulations Perú Lluvia Synoptic scale meteorology Huancayo Model simulations eu-repo/semantics/article [info] 0105 earth and related environmental sciences hailstorms purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http] geography Plateau geography.geographical_feature_category inertia gravity waves Inertia gravity waves Westerlies Junín Central andes thunderstorms Thunderstorms 020801 environmental engineering central andes Anticyclone Climatology Weather Research and Forecasting Model Dinámica atmosférica Tormentas eléctricas Thunderstorm lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology model simulations Geology Geostrophic wind |
| Zdroj: | Atmosphere Volume 10 Issue 6 IGP-Institucional Instituto Geofísico del Perú instacron:IGP CONCYTEC-Institucional Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica instacron:CONCYTEC Atmosphere, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 301 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4433 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/atmos10060301 |
| Popis: | The aim of the present study is to analyze the triggering mechanisms of three thunderstorms (TSs) associated with severe rainfall, hail and lightening in the tropical central Andes of Peru, specifically above the Huancayo observatory (12.04 ∘ S, 75.32 ∘ W, 3313 m a.s.l.) located in the Mantaro valley during the spring-summer season (2015&ndash 2016). For this purpose, we used a set of in-situ pluviometric observations, satellite remote sensing data, the Compact Meteorological Ka-Band Cloud Radar (MIRA-35C), the Boundary Layer Tropospheric Radar and downscaling model simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (resolutions: 18 km, 6 km and 2 km), and the Advance Regional Prediction System (ARPS) (resolution: 0.5 km) models in order to analyze the dynamic of the atmosphere in the synoptic, meso and local scales processes that control the occurrence of the three TS events. The results show that at synoptic scale, the TSs are characterized by the southern displacement of the South-east Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone up to latitudes higher than 35 ∘ S, by the weakening and south-eastern displacement of the Bolivian high&ndash North east low system and by the intrusion of westerly winds along the west side of the central Andes at upper and medium levels of the atmosphere. At meso-scale, apparently, two important moisture fluxes from opposite directions are filtered through the passes along the Andes: one from the north-west and the other from the south-east directions converge and trigger the deep convection into the Mantaro valley. These moisture fluxes are generated by the intrusion of the sea-breeze from the Pacific ocean along the west of the Andes coupling with upper and middle westerly winds and by the thermally induced moisture fluxes coming from the South American low level jet at the east side of the Andes. At the local scale, there is a low-level conditional instability in the previous hours as well as during the occurrence of the TSs above the Huancayo observatory. In addition, the simulation results indicated the possibility of generation of inertial gravity waves in the Amazon basin, associated with geostrophic adjustment which transports energy and moisture into the central Andes plateau and consequently intensifies the thunderstorms above the Mantaro valley. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|