Are Interactions between Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Cardiac Fibroblasts and Cardiac Myocytes Instrumental in Atrial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation?
| Autor: | Craig McFarlane, Emily Chilton, Alexandra F. Trollope, Jaishankar Raman, Lisa Chilton, Anirudh Krishnan, Robert T. Kinobe, Pankaj Saxena |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Epicardial Mapping
QH301-705.5 Adipose tissue Adipokine Action Potentials Inflammation Review current sink Adipokines Fibrosis Atrial Fibrillation medicine Adipocytes Myocyte Humans Myocytes Cardiac Heart Atria Biology (General) Fibroblast Myofibroblasts adipokine business.industry Myocardium Heart General Medicine Fibroblasts medicine.disease Endomyocardial Fibrosis myofibroblast Cell biology Electrophysiological Phenomena medicine.anatomical_structure Adipose Tissue Myocardial fibrosis electrotonic coupling medicine.symptom business Cardiomyopathies Myofibroblast Pericardium |
| Zdroj: | Cells Cells, Vol 10, Iss 2501, p 2501 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4409 |
| Popis: | Atrial fibrillation is very common among the elderly and/or obese. While myocardial fibrosis is associated with atrial fibrillation, the exact mechanisms within atrial myocytes and surrounding non-myocytes are not fully understood. This review considers the potential roles of myocardial fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in fibrosis and modulating myocyte electrophysiology through electrotonic interactions. Coupling with (myo)fibroblasts in vitro and in silico prolonged myocyte action potential duration and caused resting depolarization; an optogenetic study has verified in vivo that fibroblasts depolarized when coupled myocytes produced action potentials. This review also introduces another non-myocyte which may modulate both myocardial (myo)fibroblasts and myocytes: epicardial adipose tissue. Epicardial adipocytes are in intimate contact with myocytes and (myo)fibroblasts and may infiltrate the myocardium. Adipocytes secrete numerous adipokines which modulate (myo)fibroblast and myocyte physiology. These adipokines are protective in healthy hearts, preventing inflammation and fibrosis. However, adipokines secreted from adipocytes may switch to pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic, associated with reactive oxygen species generation. Pro-fibrotic adipokines stimulate myofibroblast differentiation, causing pronounced fibrosis in the epicardial adipose tissue and the myocardium. Adipose tissue also influences myocyte electrophysiology, via the adipokines and/or through electrotonic interactions. Deeper understanding of the interactions between myocytes and non-myocytes is important to understand and manage atrial fibrillation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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