Pollution indices as useful tools for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of soil contamination–A review
| Autor: | Tomasz Zaleski, Michał Gąsiorek, Joanna Beata Kowalska, Ryszard Mazurek |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Environmental Engineering Index (economics) media_common.quotation_subject Pollution index 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Soil Geochemistry and Petrology Metals Heavy Soil Pollutants Environmental Chemistry Different soil uses 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Water Science and Technology media_common Review Paper Pollution indices Heavy metals 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine Soil contamination Soil quality Geochemical background Soil water 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Critical assessment Environmental Pollution Water resource management Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| ISSN: | 1573-2983 0269-4042 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10653-018-0106-z |
| Popis: | The paper provides a complex, critical assessment of heavy metal soil pollution using different indices. Pollution indices are widely considered a useful tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of contamination. Moreover, they can have a great importance in the assessment of soil quality and the prediction of future ecosystem sustainability, especially in the case of farmlands. Eighteen indices previously described by several authors (Igeo, PI, EF, Cf, PIsum, PINemerow, PLI, PIave, PIVector, PIN, MEC, CSI, MERMQ, Cdeg, RI, mCd and ExF) as well as the newly published Biogeochemical Index (BGI) were compared. The content, as determined by other authors, of the most widely investigated heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) in farmland, forest and urban soils was used as a database for the calculation of all of the presented indices, and this shows, based on statistical methods, the similarities and differences between them. The indices were initially divided into two groups: individual and complex. In order to achieve a more precise classification, our study attempted to further split indices based on their purpose and method of calculation. The strengths and weaknesses of each index were assessed; in addition, a comprehensive method for pollution index choice is presented, in order to best interpret pollution in different soils (farmland, forest and urban). This critical review also contains an evaluation of various geochemical backgrounds (GBs) used in heavy metal soil pollution assessments. The authors propose a comprehensive method in order to assess soil quality, based on the application of local and reference GB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10653-018-0106-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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