Substrate Utilization by Brown Adipose Tissue: What’s Hot and What’s Not?
| Autor: | Nicholas M. Morton, Roland H Stimson, Ben T McNeill |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
obesity Glucose uptake Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Mini Review 030209 endocrinology & metabolism substrate lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology lipids 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Active Bat 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Adipose Tissue Brown Brown adipose tissue medicine Humans Glycolysis positron emission tomography (PET) Triglycerides Dyslipidemias lcsh:RC648-665 Triglyceride Chemistry Fatty Acids brown adipose tissue Metabolism thermogenesis Cell biology Citric acid cycle 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Glucose Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Energy Metabolism Thermogenesis metabolism |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 11 (2020) Frontiers in Endocrinology McNeill, B, Morton, N M & Stimson, R H 2020, ' Substrate utilisation by brown adipose tissue: what’s hot and what’s not? ', Frontiers in Endocrinology . https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.571659 |
| ISSN: | 1664-2392 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fendo.2020.571659/full |
| Popis: | Our understanding of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function in humans has increased rapidly over the past 10 years. This is predominantly due to the development of powerful non-invasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography that can quantify BAT mass and function using metabolic tracers. Activation of BAT during cold-induced thermogenesis is an effective way to dissipate energy to generate heat and requires utilization of multiple energy substrates for optimal function. This has led to interest in the activation of BAT as a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of BAT substrate utilization in humans and highlight additional mechanisms found in rodents, where BAT more prominently contributes to energy expenditure. During thermogenesis, BAT demonstrates substantially increased glucose uptake which appears to be critical for BAT function. However, glucose is not fully oxidized, with a large proportion converted to lactate. The primary energy substrate for thermogenesis is fatty acids, released from brown adipocyte triglyceride stores. Active BAT also sequesters circulating lipids to sustain optimal thermogenesis. Recent evidence reveals that metabolic intermediates from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic pathways also play a critical role in BAT function. Understanding the role of these metabolites in regulating thermogenesis and whole body substrate utilization may elucidate novel strategies for therapeutic BAT activation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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