QR Steganography - A Threat to New Generation Electronic Voting Systems

Autor:	Sandra Guasch, Alex Escala, Guillermo Navarro-Arribas, Victor Acin, Jordi Cucurull
Rok vydání:	2014
Předmět:	Steganography Computer science Electronic voting media_common.quotation_subject Covert channel computer.software_genre Computer security Encoding (memory) Voting Code (cryptography) Malware Error detection and correction computer media_common
Zdroj:	SECRYPT Scopus-Elsevier
DOI:	10.5220/0005120404840491
Popis:	Quick Response (QR) codes, used to store machine readable information, have become very commonnowa days and have found many applications in different scenarios. One of such applications is electronic voting systems. Indeed, some electronic voting systems are starting to take advantage of these codes, e.g. to hold the ballots used to vote, or even as a proof of the voting process. Nevertheless, QR codes are susceptible to steganographic techniques to hide information. This steganographic capability enables a covert channel that in electronic voting systems can suppose an important threat. A misbehaving equipment (e.g. infected with malware) can introduce hidden information in the QR code with the aim of breaking voters' privacy or enabling coercion and vote-selling. This paper shows a method for hiding data inside QR codes and an implementation of a QR writer/reader application with steganographic capabilities. The paper analyses different possible attacks to electronic voting systems that leverage the steganographic properties of the QR codes. Finally, it proposes some solutions to detect the mentioned attacks.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d3ca36fb6394118ef3aac7bff4656133 https://doi.org/10.5220/0005120404840491 Zobrazit plný text záznamu