The turning away of serum amyloid A biological activities and receptor usage
| Autor: | Mieke Gouwy, Sofie Struyf, Jo Van Damme, Sara Abouelasrar Salama |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
A PROTEIN
T-Lymphocytes animal diseases Immunology knockout Reviews Biology HEPATITIS-C VIRUS ACUTE-PHASE HDL FIBRIL FORMATION NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME RAGE (receptor) Cell Movement hemic and lymphatic diseases EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX Animals Humans Immunology and Allergy Serum amyloid A chemotaxis Receptors Immunologic Structural motif Receptor Mice Knockout INSULIN-RESISTANCE Extracellular Matrix Proteins Immunity Cellular Serum Amyloid A Protein Science & Technology Innate immune system serum amyloid A HUMAN NEUTROPHILS IN-VITRO immunity Immunity Innate Cell biology stomatognathic diseases TLR2 inflammation TLR4 Life Sciences & Biomedicine HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN Function (biology) |
| Zdroj: | Immunology |
| ISSN: | 1365-2567 0019-2805 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/imm.13295 |
| Popis: | Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein (APP) to which multiple immunological functions have been attributed. Regardless, the true biological role of SAA remains poorly understood. SAA is remarkably conserved in mammalian evolution, thereby suggesting an important biological function. Since its discovery in the 1970s, the majority of researchers have investigated SAA using recombinant forms made available through bacterial expression. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that these recombinant forms of SAA are unreliable. Indeed, commercial SAA variants have been shown to be contaminated with bacterial products including lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. As such, biological activities and receptor usage (TLR2, TLR4) revealed through the use of commercial SAA variants may not reflect the inherent nature of this APP. Within this review, we discuss the biological effects of SAA that have been demonstrated through more solid experimental approaches. SAA takes part in the innate immune response via the recruitment of leucocytes and executes, through pathogen recognition, antimicrobial activity. Knockout animal models implicate SAA in a range of functions, such as regulation of T-cell-mediated responses and monopoiesis. Moreover, through its structural motifs, not only does SAA function as an extracellular matrix protein, but it also binds extracellular matrix proteins. Finally, we here also provide an overview of definite SAA receptor-mediated functions and highlight those that are yet to be validated. The role of FPR2 in SAA-mediated leucocyte recruitment has been confirmed; nevertheless, SAA has been linked to a range of other receptors including CD36, SR-BI/II, RAGE and P2RX7. ispartof: IMMUNOLOGY vol:163 issue:2 pages:115-127 ispartof: location:England status: published |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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