Identification of mixed O-phenyl alkyl phthalate esters in an agricultural land
| Autor: | L. Bir, D. Raucher, L. Muszkat |
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| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: |
Pollutant
Volatilisation Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Phthalate Plasticizer Phthalic Acids General Medicine Biodegradation Pesticide Reference Standards Toxicology Pollution Mass Spectrometry Molecular Weight chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Environmental chemistry Soil Pollutants Leaching (agriculture) Israel Groundwater |
| Zdroj: | Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 58(3) |
| ISSN: | 0007-4861 |
| Popis: | We report the identification of several series of asymmetric O–phenyl alkyl phthalates in agricultural lands in the center and south of the Israeli Coastal Plain. These substances have been observed at both soil surface and soil depth ,at concentrations up to 6000 ppb. Symmetric phthalate esters (I, Rx = Ry) are among the most common industrial chemicals. They are produced in large amounts and are used as plasticizers, in particular for PVC. Among these esters, diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) is one of the most widely used (Bemis, 1982) .Non–plasticizer applications of phthalates include a broad spectrum of uses, such as insect repellent preparations, pesticide carriers, cosmetics, liquid soaps, detergents, and industrial and lubricating oils. While some environmental studies have reported fast biodegradation of phthalates (Kurane 1986), many reports indicate the occurence of phthalates in environmental samples of water and sediments, in fish, and in various aquatic organisms (Sheldon and Hites 1978, Thuren 1986 ,Fatoki and Vernon 1990), in significant amounts ,extending to the ppm range. Significant levels of phthalates have also been observed in Israel ,in samples from the soil surface, in soil profiles and also in groundwater (Muszkat et al . 1993) .Phthalates enter the water phase through several mechanisms :aqueous leaching of plastic and wastes, incineration of plastic wastes and also wet deposition out of the atmosphere. They are also introduced into the atmosphere by direct volatilization from resin matrices .Due to their hydrophobic nature they tend to be absorbed to suspended particles and accumulate finally in sediments and in the food chain. Their spread in the environment is highly enhanced by absorption to various surface active components as well as to the soil macroparticulate matter and particulate |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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