Effects of horizontal resolution and air–sea flux parameterization on the intensity and structure of simulated Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
| Autor: | Tso Ren Wu, Mien Tze Kueh, Chuan-Yao Lin, Yang Fan Sheng, Yu Lin Tsai, Wen Mei Chen, Eric Yen, Simon Lin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:GE1-350
Convection 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Eye lcsh:QE1-996.5 0208 environmental biotechnology Momentum transfer lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation Flux Storm 02 engineering and technology Atmospheric sciences 01 natural sciences lcsh:TD1-1066 020801 environmental engineering lcsh:Geology lcsh:G Weather Research and Forecasting Model Typhoon General Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental science lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering lcsh:Environmental sciences Intensity (heat transfer) 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol 19, Pp 1509-1539 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1684-9981 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/nhess-19-1509-2019 |
| Popis: | This study investigates the effects of horizontal resolution and surface flux formulas on typhoon intensity and structure simulations through the case study of the Super Typhoon Haiyan (2013). Three sets of surface flux formulas in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model were tested using grid spacings of 1, 3, and 6 km. Increased resolution and more reasonable surface flux formulas can both improve typhoon intensity simulation, but their effects on storm structures differ. A combination of a decrease in momentum transfer coefficient and an increase in enthalpy transfer coefficients has greater potential to yield a stronger storm. This positive effect of more reasonable surface flux formulas can be efficiently enhanced when the grid spacing is appropriately reduced to yield an intense and contracted eyewall structure. As the resolution increases, the eyewall becomes more upright and contracts inward. The size of updraft cores in the eyewall shrinks, and the region of downdraft increases; both updraft and downdraft become more intense. As a result, the enhanced convective cores within the eyewall are driven by more intense updrafts within a rather small fraction of the spatial area. This contraction of the eyewall is associated with an upper-level warming process, which may be partly attributed to air detrained from the intense convective cores. This resolution dependence of spatial scale of updrafts is related to the model effective resolution as determined by grid spacing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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